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3.2 Verbal Ellipsis
By verbal ellipsis we mean ellipsis within the verbal group. An elliptical verbal group presupposes one or more words from a previous verbal group.
Technically, it is defined as a verbal group whose structure does not fully express its systemic features-all the choices that are being made within the verbal group
system.
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For example: What have you been doing?-- Swimming
In example above, what is omitted is I have been swimming. It is only the lexical verb swim that is found in the elliptical verbal group. The elliptical form
swimming has various systematic features that are not found in the verbal structure.
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3.3 Clausal Ellipsis
Clausal ellipsis means ellipsis within the clause. The clause in English, considered as the expression of the various speech functions, such as statement,
question, response and so on, has two part structure consisting of modal element plus propositional element, for example:
„The dancers were going to perform the popular dance in the stage‟ [Modal element]
[Propositional element] What was the dancer going to do? Perform the popular dance in the stage.
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Paul A.Crane, Texture In Text: A Discourse Analysis of a News Article Using Halliday and Hasan‟s Model of Cohesion
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Ibid, pp. 25-26
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In the answer, the modal element is omitted: the subject and, within the verbal group, the finite operator was. Hence there is operator ellipsis in the verbal
group: What were the dancers going to do? The dancers were going to perform
the popular dance in the stage.
4. Conjunction
As the final type of cohesion relation that found in grammar, conjunction is the relationship which indicates how to subsequent sentence or clause should be
linked to the proceeding or the following part of the sentence this is usually achieved by the use of conjunctions also known as connective.
Conjunction is rather different in nature from the other cohesion relations, from both reference, on the one hand, and substitution and ellipsis on the other. It
is not simply an anaphoric relation.
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Halliday and Hasan classified four types of conjunction there are: additive, adversative, causal and temporal.
4.1 Additive Conjunction
Additive conjunction contributes to give additional information without changing information in the previously clause or phrase. Here are some items of
the conjunction relations of additive type: and, and also, further more, moreover, besides that, by the way, or, not, neither, etc. for example:
a.
Besides being mean, he is also hateful.
b.
He no longer goes to campus and he planning to look for a job.
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Halliday and Hasan, Op,Cit, p.238
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