place. It is because the adverbs’ position occurs near the verbs, which are the core of every sentence.
The adjuncts that occur in the final position are the next adverbial phrases that often appear in the story. There are 51 adjuncts in final position found in the
short story. Some adjuncts are repeated in the middle of a sentence, but it is counted as one adjunct if the adjunct is same. The adjuncts that appear in the final position
usually give the extra information to the sentence. However, they can also be the main focus of the sentence. Geoffrey Leech states
that “The principle that last is most important means that the nuclear tones neutral position is at the end of the
tone unit, specifically, on the last lexical item, or content word ” 1981: 212. In the
other words, the reader would take the adjunct in the end of a sentence as something essential to the story. It is not only as a modifier of a sentence, but it may have
special context to the story. The least adjunct occurrence in the story is the adjunct occurrence in the
initial position. There are 11 data found in the short story. The difference is quite high compared to the other position. This is because the types of adverb that usually
appear in initial position are conjunct, disjunct, and subjunct. Adjunct is less common to be in initial position, thus, the amount of adjunct in The Tell-Tale Heart
is relatively little. Adverbs in the initial position draw the reader’s attention about the situation in a sentence first before the reader understand the action or the whole
sentence. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2. Classification of Adverbial Phrases
In this study, the classification of adverbial phrases is conducted based on classification of Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, and Svartvit on grammatical function
of adverbials. Based on the grammatical function, adverbial phrases can be divided into four, they are adjunct, disjunct, subjunct, and conjunct. From the four of this,
adjunct is the type that most often occur in The Tell-Tale. Thus, the study will only focus on the adjunct to represent the distribution and significance of adverbial
phrases. The other grammatical function may have different significance. The data taken are only a few to represent each category. The rest of the classification is in
the appendix. The data is collected based on the order of appearance. There are four types of adjunct that occur in the story. They are Adjunct of
Space AoS, Adjunct of Time AoT, Adjunct of Process AoP, and Adjunct of Contingency AoC. In addition, the semantic roles that occur in the story are Space
Position, Direction, Time Position, Duration, Frequency, Relationship, Process Manner, Instrument, Agent, and Contingency Purpose and Result. There should
be Adjunct of Respect in this classification, however, there is no data of it found in The Tell-Tale Heart. Thus, the writer will only focus on these four types of
grammatical function. The type of adjunct and its semantic roles are presented in a column to
make it easier to read. Here are some presentations of each grammatical function complemented by the semantic roles taken from the short story:
Table 5. The Distribution of Adverbial Phrases Based on Types in The Tell-Tale Heart
Here are the adjuncts and some examples of their clauses taken from the story with explanation of their functions.
a. Spatial Position
4 I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying
out --Whos there? p. 278 5 I swung the chair upon which I had been sitting, and grated it upon the
boards, but the noise arose over all and continually increased. p. 281 In sentence 4, there are three adjuncts of space with position semantic
roles. Three of them point out three different positions. First is in. This adjunct explains the position of the narrator’s head in which was in the room. Second is
upon the tin fastening . This adjunct explains the position where the narrator’s thumb
slipped, the exact position was on the tin fastening. Third is in the bed. This adjunct
Grammatical Function Semantic Role Total
Spatial Position 39
Spatial Direction 14
Temporal Position 26
Temporal Duration 17
Temporal Frequency 9
Temporal Relationship 6
Process Manner 64
Process Instrument 2
Process Mean 3
Process Agent 2
Contingency Purpose 9
Total 191
