Conclusions CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter consists of two parts. The first is the conclusion of the analysis. The second part is the suggestion for further researchers on the novels as well as the suggestion for teaching-learning activities using the novel.

5.1 Conclusions

This part discusses the conclusion of the analysis in chapter 4. There are two conclusions based on the analysis of the problem formulation. It is related to the characterization of Firdaus in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero and Maria in Coelho’s Eleven Minutes and also their motivation in becoming a prostitute. The first conclusion is about the characteristics of Firdaus in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero and Maria in Coelho’s Eleven Minutes. The analysis of Firdaus’s and Maria’s characterizatics are based on Murphy’s theory which presents some ways in presenting characters in a novel. There are three characteristics of Firdaus in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero. Firdaus is a smart woman. It can be seen from Firdaus’s speech that she wants to learn many things and has two certificates. Firdaus is also a brave woman. Firdaus’s bravery is shown from her speech and reaction. She is able to kill a pimp and face the death sentence. Moreover, Firdaus is a determined woman. Firdaus’s belief and hatred toward men have made her become a determined woman. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Maria also has three characteristics in Coelho’s Eleven Minutes. She is a smart, brave and ambitious girl. Her smartness and ambition can be seen from her reaction and mannerism. Maria’s smartness is seen by the way she uses her attraction to reach her dream. It is also proved when she wants to improve her French. Meanwhile, Maria’s ambition is shown when she wants to be a successful girl who has a lot of money. Furthermore, Maria is a brave girl. This characterization can be seen from her speech and mannerism. She is brave enough to build a new relationship with a man although she often feels upset with her love. Maria’s bravery can also be seen from the way she makes a decision of becoming a prostitute. The second conclusion concerns with Firdaus’s and Maria’s motivation in becoming a prostitute. This analysis is based on the hierarchy of needs, proposed by Murphy and also Freud’s theory about the components of personality. There are five kinds of motivation which are included in Murphy’s hierarchy of needs. They are physiological need, safety need, belongingness need, esteem need, and self-actualization need. Furthermore, there are three components of personality in Freud’s theory. They are id, ego and superego. There are five kinds of motivation that motivate Firdaus and Maria in becoming a prostitute. The first is the basic motivation of Firdaus and Maria. It is physiological need. Both Firdaus and Maria need to fulfill their physical needs because they come from an economically low family. As a result, they cannot fulfill their basic needs. This condition has pushed them to change their life. They want to be ecomically successfull women. Therefore, their id and ego lead them in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI deciding to be a prostitute. Being a prostitute directs them to make a lot of money, so they can fulfill their basic needs. The second motivation is the safety need of Firdaus and Maria. Firdaus’s experiences of becoming the victim of men’s power have pushed her to fulfill her safety need. She thinks that being a prostitute is better than all kinds of women. Therefore, she feels that a prostitute is a profession which can make her secure from men. On the other side, Maria’s profession as a samba dancer makes her worried because she cannot give a better life for her family. She feels that her life is meaningless with all the routines and mediocrity. Therefore, she decides to be a prostitute. Being a prostitute with a lot of money makes her secure because she does not need to worry about making her family happy. Here, Firdaus’s and Maria’s profession as a prostitute proves that they are able to meet their safety need. The third motivation is the belongingness need of Firdaus and Maria. Firdaus’s society places men in a higher position than women. Men can do all things toward women. Moreover, a husband has rights toward his wife. These conditions make Firdaus become the victim of men’s power. Therefore, she cannot receive and give love to her society. As a result, she cannot fulfill her belongingness needs. It leads her to be a prostitute. At least, she can receive and give a kind of love through her profession as a prostitute although it only happens when she serves her customers. Maria’s condition is different from Firdaus’s. Maria feels upset with love many times. She thinks that love only brings suffering because she fails to get affection from the men she loves. Therefore, she decides PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI to be a prostitute who will not suffer from love. Being a prostitute brings her to meet a man named Ralf whom she loves. Here, she can receive and give love through her relationship with Ralf. Therefore, she can fulfill her belongingness need. The fourth motivation is the esteem need of Firdaus and Maria. Both Firdaus and Maria have motivation to achieve their dream. They are independent women who are able to earn money by themselves. Each of them has also recognition and appreciation given by their surroundings. Being a prostitute with a lot of money makes Firdaus realizes to use the power of her money. Firdaus uses her money to make herself a woman with honor and fame. She makes herself to be an honorable and famous woman by donating her money for charity. As a result, she can be recognized as an honorable citizen. Meanwhile, Maria is able to have respect from her customers. It is because she can give advice to her customers to solve their life’s problems. Therefore, she can have several proposal of marriage from men who fall in love with her. The last motivation is the self-actualization need of Firdaus and Maria. It is the greatest motivation that motivates Firdaus and Maria in becoming a prostitute. They have motivation to achieve a better life. Therefore, they decide to be a prostitute in order to achieve a better life. As a result, Firdaus and Maria are capable of making a lot of money, so that they can achieve a better life through their profession as a prostitute. They successfully meet their self-actualization needs though their profession as a prostitute. Living as a prostitute makes them able to fulfill all of their needs. All of those needs motivate Firdaus and Maria in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI becoming a prostitute. It is begins with fulfilling the physiological need and then it is continued to the other needs. Finally, the fulfillment of self-actualization need is the highest level that motivates Firdaus and Maria in becoming a prostitute.

5.2 Suggestions