Object of the Study Approach of the Study

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the study discusses the object, the approach, and the method of the study. In the object of the study, it puts forward code- switching used in lecturers’ classroom instructions. Meanwhile, the approach of the study introduces the application of approach which supports the study. For the method of the study, it is focused on discussing how the data are collected, organized, and categorized.

A. Object of the Study

As taking place in the field of linguistics, especially sociolinguistics, this study discusses code-switching. Code-switching used by the lecturers in giving instruction in the classroom is the object of this study. Further, this study particularly discusses code-switching, the change of language use, which, in this case, includes three different languages: English, Indonesian, and Javanese, in the classroom instructions given by the lecturers. This study limited itself in only investigating six lecturers who taught seven different courses. In addition, one of the lecturers taught two different subjects. Moreover, since it contained a lot of instructions, it could provide useful data.

B. Approach of the Study

In discussing code-switching, two dominant approaches of code-switching are used in this study. They are sociolinguistic and structural approaches. These two approaches are considered as the most suitable approaches to answer the questions in problem formulation. Boztepe 2003:3, in his paper, states that the structural approach of code- switching is primarily concerned with grammatical aspects. The focus of structural approach is to identify syntactic and morphosyntactic constraints on the code- switching. On the other hand, sociolinguistic approach sees code-switching as a discourse phenomenon focusing its attention on questions such as, for example, how social meaning is created in code-switching and what specific discourse functions it serves. In short, the sociolinguistic approach analyzes code-switching from the social context, for instance, what causes code-switching to occur in a conversation. On the other hand, the structural approach is more inclined to the grammatical aspects of code-switching. These two approaches are used in order to identify the objectives of the study, which are the type of code-switching and the reason of code-switching in the instructions given by the lecturers in the classroom when teaching-learning process is underway.

C. Method of the Study