circumstance of cause; cause, reason and behalf, i.e. ‘thanks to the two Japanese women’.
Relational processes essentially are processes of ‘being’ and ‘having’. They concerned with the relationship set up between two things or concepts. A
number of distinct ways expressed as different types of relational process in the clause. The types of relational process are 1 intensive; i.e. ‘Mother Theresa is
kind-hearted’, 2 possessives: i.e. ‘Pinocchio has a long nose’, and 3 circumstantial; i.e. ‘Maluku is in the center of Sulawesi and Papua’. Each of these
comes in two modes, ‘Attributive’, and ‘Identifying’ Gerot and Wignell, 1994. However, Downing and Locke 2006 add one more mode namely ‘Possession’.
Attributive processes assign a quality, i.e. ‘Reza Rahardian is a talented Indonesian actor’ while identifying processes establish an identity, i.e. ‘Ajeng
Kamarantih may be the famous Indonesian news-anchor. Possession processes show to something belongs to whom.
The participants’ roles in each process generally consist of two participants. Attributive processes have ‘Carrier’ that represents an entity and ‘attribute’ which
characterizes the entity in some way Downing and Locke, 2006. In example, ‘Pasar Beringhardjo is in Jalan Malioboro’. Identifying processes’ participants
known as ‘Identified’ and ‘Identifier’. It called identifying because one the identified identified in terms of the other the identifier. The other name of this
processes called ‘Token’ instead of ‘Identified’ and ‘Value’ instead of ‘Identifier’. Those names are to show the representation and roles filled. ‘Token’ is the entity
that represents and the “Value’ is to fill the role of the other. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Mental processes are about process of sensing. The process explicates something that goes on in the internal world of the mind. Contrary to material
process, the participant in mental process is not really do an action. As only an animate who has sensing, thus the participant are only an animate and is usually
human, i.e. ‘She likes cheese burger’. However, it may also be an animal, i.e. ‘The dog sensed danger’ and in the case of personification, the non-animate treated as
if it were a human. For example, ‘Your car knows where to go’. The participant considered as ‘senser’ or ‘experiencer’ and what the senser is sensing about
known as ‘phenomenon’. That is, mental processes only have two participants. According to Halliday 1994 and Gerot and Wignell 1994, there are three
types of mental processes: ‘cognition’, ‘perception’ and ‘affection’. On the other side, Thompson 2004 and Downing and Locke 2006 has four categories which
are ‘emotion’ ‘affectivity’ – Downing and Locke called so, ‘cognition’, ‘perception’ and ‘desideration’. Same with Thompson, Lock 1996 also presents
four types of mental processes. However, he called Thompson’s ‘desideration’ as volition and ‘emotion’ as ‘affection’ as like Halliday and Gerot and Wignell
called so. Cognitive processes are stated by some verbs as believe, doubt, guess, know,
recognize, think, forget, mean, remember, understand, realize etc. i.e. ‘Selena realized her mistakes to Justine’. Perception processes are perceiving through five
senses. The verbs are see, hear, feel, notice, taste, and smell. i.e. ‘I can hear footsteps coming closer’ Affection processes are processes of feeling which show
emotion or reaction either positive or negative of someone or something. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
reactions expressed by such verbs as like, love, please, delight, dislike, hate, detest, admire, love, miss, fear, appreciate, expect. i.e. ‘Our family loves avocado
juice’. A desiderative process includes processes such as want, need, intend, desire, hope, and wish. The processes are about a thing or situation which the
participants expect to have or to be happened. i.e. ‘I need a massage’. Verbal processes are about processes of saying. The processes exist on the
borderline between mental and relational processes Lock, 1996. Lock explains, they are often expressed by verbs such as say, tell, ask, reply, and suggest.
Normally, a clause of the verbal process have a single participant namely Sayer; a speaking participant but in many verbal process clauses have another participant
namely Addressee; the person to whom the saying is directed. The saying is called as Verbiage. The verbiage is said in two forms. Lock differentiates them into
reporting, for example, She said that I don’t like mathematics and quoting, for example, She said, ‘I don’t like mathematics’.
The existential processes are processes of existing with a there and to be with no representational function. The existential process clauses consist of just
one participant, know as an existent. The existent can be an entity, event or action etc.. For example, ‘There is a man standing outside’.
2.1.3.2 Interpersonal Function and Meaning
In the second function, language acts as interpersonal function. “In the interpersonal function, language serves to establish and maintain social relations;
for the expression of social roles, which include the communication roles created PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
by language itself” Halliday, 2002: 175. In further explanation, the meaning of interpersonal is expressing attitudes and judgments of the speakerwriter Gerot
and Wignell, 1994. Talking about modality is talking about two basic types of it. The first type
is called modalization and the second is modulation. The modalization itself is exploring about the degree of validity of a being presented information
probability and the degree of frequency of the information’s truth usuality. On the other side, the modulation deals with the obligation; how much obliged is the
person to carry out the command and the inclination or willingness; how the speaker fulfill the offer. In this case of modulation, Thompson 2004 explicates
the area into some points. Obligation is categorized into permissible, advisable and obligatory while inclinations are categorized into ability, willingness and
determination. The degree of probability, usuality, obligation or inclination is also divided
into some scales or ranks as Halliday and Matthiessen in Thompson 2004,p. 69 calls the scales high, median and low. In example, You mustshouldmay come
before night, ‘must’ is the high, ‘should’ is the median and ‘may’ is the low. The degree of obligation depends on the modals used.
Talking about pronoun is talking about reference. The pronouns are words that refers to nouns or substitute the nouns. The pronoun types are such as
personal pronouns, I, we as the first person, you as the second singular and plural person, he, she, it and they as the third person. The first person refers directly to
the participants engaged in the discourse exchange. I acts as the current speaker PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
while You is the addressees. The second person refers to persons and things who are not, at the moment speaking addressees. They may be either physically present
of completely outside the discourse event. The possesive pronouns are such as mine, your, our, her and their. The presents who or what something belongs to.
Another types of pronoun is like reflexive pronouns like myself, yourself, herself, ourselves and themselves.
The pronoun becomes the focus on the study since it significant with the ideology. The use of pronouns typically associated with group identity and also
with ideologies. The two pronoun often use to differ a group with another is, pronouns, we and they which act as the subject and their objects, us and them.
Indeed, the ideology typically organize people in society in polarized terms. Although I is the currect speaker of a discourse, we is can also considered as the
speakers. We is not the plural of I but more about I pluss one or more other peresons Downing and Locke, 2006. In relation to the present study, it states that
the punk musician has bipolar identities. The use of I refer to themselves as the part of punk subculture while the use We refers to themselves as the part of
society or citizen. In a group membership, pronoun We and Us used to present an indentity of the speaker while the pronoun, They and Them present the identity of
the group that the speaker opposed. Another pronun considerably significant is you. It refers to the adressee. It
means the person whom the speaker speak to. Based on the dual indentity of the speaker as the part of punk subculture and the part of society, the adressee could
refer to the authority; government, capitalists or fascists and refer to the society. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
In doing the protest, pronoun usage helps to determine the position of the speaker; in-group or out-group. In the in-group, the speaker place themselves as the part of
society. Therefore, the adressee of the protest is merely the government and other powerholders. In the out-group, the speaker is not the part of the society. Thus, the
protest adressed to both powerholders and society.
2.1.4 Protest Music
Protest music refers to “a song which expresses disapproval, usually about a political subject” CALD3. Protest music is a musical genre that has become a
part of American popular culture since it constitutes a reflection of the culture from which it is performed. The folk music is “modern music and songs that are
written in a style similar to that of traditional music” CALD3. The kind of music is intensified during the following decade in response to the Civil Rights
Movement, Vietnam War, other social concerns. It is used as the protest music because of historically it is made by the masses for the masses, topical music,
often message-oriented songs, and commercial. A popular revival of protest music in America happened during the 1960’s. It existed as the response to the social
issues at the time. The civil rights movement to the war in Vietnam becomes one of the popular issue which use music as the tool of protest. At the time, the music
spoke to the masses of youths crying out for the revolutionary change. The protest music in the folk traditions had worked to build solidarity and
pinpoint specific social issues. The music of protest further composed in the new form. Dylan one of the American musicians compose the new form of protest
music. He wrote the best topical, protest ballads of the era. Besides redefined what the protest music sounded like, he also redefined what the protest music said
about. The development of the new form of protest music called for diversity among audience members, protesting, societal norms, and the notion of ideology.
The use of song as a protest medium cannot be separated from its function of propaganda. It is about spreading ideas or opinions etc. contains of arguments
which are intended to influencing people opinion. Denisoff1972 describes folksongs of protest as propaganda songs which were used to induce change in
opinion or behavior, written andor played in the traditional folk style. He outlines six primary goals of the propaganda song: it 1 solicits outside support, 2
reinforces the value structure of supporters, 3 promotes cohesion and solidarity among followers, 4 aims to recruit individuals, 5 invokes solutions, and 6
highlights a social problem or discontent 2: 1972. He further distinguishes the propaganda song of persuasion as being either a “magnetic” song, designed to
hold the members of a movement together and to attract new members to the fold, or the “rhetorical” song, which “describes some social condition, but one which
offers no explicit ideological or organizational solutions” 1972: 6. Music and songs protest as the propaganda helps to avoid the direct contact
to the people in power and to publically gain mass to support the protest. According to Eyerman and Jamison 1998 and Denisoff 1970 cited in Quirk
Cort, 39: 2013 states their indication of propaganda songs influence that are are used is to invoke support for movement as well as to recruit new members of a
social movement. Thus, the use of music and songs is as the buffer towards the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
