Benefits of the Study

“a member of the National Socialist Workers’ Party led by Adolf Hitler which controlled Germany from 1933 to 1945” CALD3. The ideology is not merely descriptive but it is practical as well. It is not only about a number of very general ideas that are the basis of group members’ specific beliefs about the world that guide their interpretation of events but it also influences their social practice. According to Fairclough 2003: 9, “Ideologies are representation of aspects of the world which can be shown to contribute, to establishing, maintaining, and changing social relations of power, domination, and exploitation”. Thus, ideology is practical as the power holders use the belief to control the powerless people. Ideology is the power and domination, which owned by a group who have positions, attitudes, beliefs, and perspectives. Government is a group of people who has power and domination since they are officially controlled a country. In relation to the Nazism, Nazi has power and domination to control Germany because of the position of Adolf Hitler as the leader of nation. He is hegemonic; he has position of being the strongest and most powerful and therefore can control others. The control itself is about the order, limit or rule people’s actions or behavior. In a country, laws and policies become government’s tools to control people. The ideology may be more or less positive and negative depending on our point of view or group membership. Marx and Engels define ideology in a negative sense. They state, “Ideologies are systems of false ideas representing the consciousness of the ruling class, and used to promote and legitimize its power”. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A negative connotation addressed to an ideology when it creates injustice. The injustice here refers to the way the power holders treat the powerless in a relation. There are three relations can be used; government-society, society-society and society-government. In government-society relation, government has power to create policies, which disappointedly has tendency to cause suffering to the society. In society-society relation, the rich has power to bring misery to the poor. In relation of society-government, the rich or big business have power to influence and control the government. Basically, the power holders have tendency to use their power and domination to obtain advantages for themselves by disregarding the powerless groups. For that reason, groups of people come up to counter negative ideology. The opposition to the common ideologies normally contains the disapproving opinions or suggestions that the ideologies are not good or not important. Moreover, it is due to the negative impacts of the ideology to the social life. As like a common ideology called Nazism, it has counter-ideology so-called anti-Nazism. However, to spread the ‘anti-ideology’ is not that easy. Inferior surely are unable to directly sounding protest or criticism to the superior as they lack of power and domination. They need to collect members to support them. Their ideology delivered through a medium that is easily to unify people. One of the media is the music, folk song. It is used under the consideration of music is well-liked and respected by common people. Moreover, it is potential to regulate mood. The counter ideology either implicitly or explicitly filled in the song lyrics, thus, song lyrics are ideological. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2.1.1.1 Ideology and Discourse

Ideology might be abstract and general. It can only indirectly emerge in talk and text; it emerges in a discourse as the communication in speech; talk and writing; text. Thus, it can be simply said that the discourse might attributes the specific and fixed ideological contents. Moreover, the discourse is the re- contextualization of concept of world through a speaker or writer’s point of view that is presented in speech and writing. Therefore, the discourse is shaped by and might present the ideology of the speaker or writer. They, the speaker or writer has intention to propagate the listener or reader. Principally, they have power to control people perception about the world. Fairclough 1995: 73 clarifies that the “discourse is shaped by structures also contributes to shaping and reshaping them, to reproducing and transforming them”. He says that the structures are the combination of the elements of text such orders of discourse, codes and their elements such as lexical and grammatical elements but also the mediated form political and economic structure and relationships; relation in the market, relation with the state and relation with society. Talking about discourse and its relation to ideology is conceptually wide. Van Dijk 2000 states that, the study about the notions of ideology and discourses are not adequate in a discipline. They require the elaboration of all disciplines such as humanities and social sciences. For that reason, he proposes to stick with three main clusters; discourse, cognition and society. According to him, the ‘discourse’ relates to the study of language use, text and other communications. The ‘cognition’ relates to the nature of ideas or beliefs, the