Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter which consists of the theoretical description and theoretical framework provides some theories related to this research. The theoretical description provides some relevant theories and similar research. Meanwhile, the theoretical framework provides a description about the contribution of the theories on the theoretical description to the research.

A. Theoretical Description

This section reviews three parts. Those parts are the theories on an effective teacher, the theories on classroom management, and the summary of recent and similar research on classroom management problems. 1. Effective Teacher The first part of the theoretical description is about an effective teacher. The theories on an effective teacher are divided into three categories. Those categories are: a the definition of an effective teacher, b the characteristic of an effective teacher, and c what makes an effective teacher effective.

a. Definition of an Effective Teacher

The definition of an effective teacher may vary because experts have their own view to define how and what an effective teacher is. As cited in Darhim n.d., an effective teacher is a teacher who can motivate students to learn and increase their motivation to learn based on st udents’ willingness. In another 9 definition, an effective teacher is a teacher who is obviously able to increase hisher students’ knowledge Clark, 1993. Moreover, as stated in Vogt 1984, an effective teacher is a teacher who has the ability to provide instructions to different students of different abilities while incorporating instructional objectives and assessing the effective learning mode of the students. Therefore, an effective teacher is needed just like what stated in Tauber 2007, no classroom management technique will be effective for long if effective management and engaging teaching are absent. According to Stronge, Tucker, and Hindman 2000, an effective teacher is a teacher who can adapt the changing in the school and navigate successfully complexities of the classroom. The changing can be some changes in terms of students, curriculum, building issues, colleagues, administrators, finances, health and safety concerns, families, communities, and a host of other influences on the daily lives of a teacher. Although those four definitions vary, the main point of an effective teacher is alike. An effective teacher, from those definitions can be concluded to be a teacher who can make students successfully achieve the goals of learning using hisher own ways of teaching. Even the definitions of an effective teacher are certainly different one to another, those definitions yield the same general ability of what an effective teacher possesses, which is the ability to enable students to achieve the goals of learning. Therefore, an effective teacher can be defined as a teacher who can make students learn and understand what they are progressively learning with hisher way and effectiveness of teaching. 10

b. Characteristics of an Effective Teacher

From the various definitions of an effective teacher, the characteristics of an effective teacher are also variant. According to Collins 1990, an effective teacher is mentioned as having five characteristics. Those characteristics are an effective teacher: 1 is committed to students and learning, 2 knows the subject matter, 3 is responsible for managing students, 4 can think systematically about their own practice, and 5 is a member of the learning community. Those characteristics show that an effective teacher does not only master the subject to teach but also needs to develop hisher competency by being a member of the learning community. Other characteristics also show that an effective teacher is the one who shall be responsible for managing students. Therefore an effective teacher should think of two aspects, which are the mastery of the subject and hisher students. In addition, Stronge, Tucker, and Hindman 2002 suggest that an effective teacher has six qualities. Those qualities are categorized into: 1 prerequisites of an effective teacher, 2 a teacher as a person, 3 classroom management and organization, 4 organizing for instruction, 5 implementing instruction, 6 monitoring student s’ progress and potential. One of the qualities is prerequisite of an effective teacher. It is related to a professional teacher because it defines that an effective teacher should have prerequisites which also include verbal ability, content knowledge, educational coursework, teaching certification, and teaching experience. However, the other qualities show the identical characteristics of an effective teacher as stated previously.