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further continual use. Lee Kim 2012 also argue that citizens-government or even citizens-
citizens interaction by posting or replying to citizens’ ideas or comments may give social reward i.e. recognition for citizens to actively use m-government for
participation. However, the overall satisfaction almost has an unsatisfactory result, when in fact user
satisfaction has the strongest correlation with more participation by using m-government service. This may relate to the indirect measures of user satisfaction in other dimensions
as argued by Rai et al. 2002; Sedera Tan 2005; Wang Liao 2008. Thus, even though most of citizens quite satisfy with the participation and interaction needs
fulfillment, the overall satisfaction is also influenced by the other quality measures.
5.3.5 UseIntention to Continual Use
The mobile participation access has the lowest rate which direct to the assumption that the current citizens participation by using m-government initiative still needs to be
improved. There may be some causes from effects of unsatisfied system, information and service qualities; lack of satisfaction; less experience of citizens on using online or
SMS-base government services; or maybe lack of socialisation. These issues may affect trust and the further m-government usage whereas trust is the crucial point for citizens
to continuous use of m-government Welch Hinnant 2003; UN 2008. However, despite of those issues, the eagerness of citizens to be more involved in
government activities seem still quite high. They even have intention to recommend this m-government initiative to other people. It can be assumed that the participation
willingness of citizens by using m-government system can be improved, particularly by addressing some issues related to m-government qualities and user satisfaction.
5.4 M-Government Benefits for Citizens Kushchu and Borucki 2004a in Kushchu et al. 2007 argue that m-government is
considered have immediate and significant benefits for end-users, including citizens. In developing countries, m-government is arguably able to extend e-government benefits
particularly in rural areas Mengistu et al. 2009; Shareef et al. 2012. There are six main benefits mostly and moderately perceived by the citizens, categorised in terms of
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convenience, cost, communication, time, participation in decision making, and personalisation.
5.4.1 Convenience
The convenience of m-government allows citizens to report problemsaspirations anywhere and anytime.
Due to the fact that Indonesia’s geographic characteristics offer access gap particularly in rural areas Harijadi Satriya 2000, this benefit is indeed in
accordance with what is expected from m-government as a new channel of e- government in Indonesia. This is also justified by several researchers Khuschu
Kuscu 2003; Sharma Gupta 2004; Casalo et al. 2007 saying that the main objective of m-government is to enable citizens to access public information and services
whenever and wherever they might be. It can facilitate more e-government adoption through the convenient accessibility and availability offered by its mobile value Nava
Dávila 2005; Khuschu et al. 2007.
5.4.2 Cost
