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CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter aims to explain how this research is undertaken. It begins with the explanation of research purpose and questions. The second section presents the research
design consisting research approach and strategy. Next, the appropriate research methods, including how to collect data and validate instrument, are discussed. The
following section presents how to analyse the data and the last section concludes overall chapter.
3.2 Research Purpose and Questions
According to its purpose, this research is classified as exploratory research. It aims to generate and explore ideas and understanding about m-government adoption in
Indonesia, specifically focusing on m-government capability in improving citizen participation in governance, where no or few studies about the issue being investigated
are found, particularly in Indonesia context Collis Hussey 2014. This research has three research questions: what is the current state of m-government adoption,
particularly for participation, in Indonesia?; how successful is m-government in
encouraging citizen participation? ; and what are the perceived benefits of using m-
government for citizens?
3.3 Research Design
This research was performed by utilising qualitative and quantitative approaches. As defined by Myers Avison 2002, qualitative approach is designed to assist researcher
getting understanding about people and its cultural and social context where they live in. It can be used for research with non-statistical analysis and findings in natural settings to
get adequate comprehension about the object being observed Patton 2002; Bryman 2012; Kothari 2004; Robson 2011. In this research, qualitative approach was
undertaken to collect and analyse descriptive data for mainly answering the first research question and supplementary answering the second and third research questions.
On the other hand, quantitative approach is mainly used to answer the second research question to see how success m-government application is in encouraging participation
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from citizen point of view and the third research question to know citizens perceived benefits of m-government. Quantitative approach turns data collected into numbers i.e.
measurement and quantification and uses statistical way in interpreting and analysing the data Creswell 2003; Robson 2011. The summary can be seen in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Guiding Framework
As for research strategy, this research uses case study to explore detailed knowledge about how and why particular contemporary phenomenon happens in one or more real-
life contexts by using various tools Yin 2003; Myers Avison 2002; Bryman 2012. As argued by Yin 2003 and Benbasat et al. 1987, this strategy is massively used in
social science research and suitable for practiced-based issues where the context of the action and the experiences of the actors are critical. With regard to this definition and
the research context, a case study is deemed appropriate to conduct this research. A case study of an m-government application supported by the Presidential Work Unit
for Development Monitoring and Control UKP4, named LAPOR, was then chosen for three particular reasons. Firstly, among m-government initiatives in Indonesia, LAPOR
is one of two initiatives available that is provided via multi-channel i.e. web, mobile application, and SMS providing two-way interaction. Secondly, LAPOR is developed
with regard to increasing citizen participation as well as citizen-government relationship in order to monitor and control national development program and public services. This
orientation of LAPOR is indeed relevant with the purpose of this study. Lastly, even though LAPOR has been running for just three year, there are 22,954 users and 62,527
incoming reports so the data is quite enough for data sample LAPOR 2013.
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3.4 Research Methods
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