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4.3 M-Government for Participation: LAPOR
LAPOR is an e-m-government initiative that focuses on participation. There is also e- government initiatives with e-participation focus besides LAPOR called e-Musrenbang
Multi Stakeholder Consultation Forum for Development Planning where citizens can provide ideas for regional development plan and any input regarding current regional
development LGSP 2007. However, LAPOR is currently the only e-government with participation focus that can also be accessed via mobile phone. Furthermore, unlike e-
Musrenbang that can be accessed only by Rukun Warga RW Head in neighborhoods level after discussion with citizens, LAPOR can be accessed by all citizens as long as
they have mobile phone andor internet connection.
Policy and Regulation
LAPOR is a m-government initiative with two-way interaction and involves citizen participation to supervise national development and public services delivery. LAPOR
was established by UKP4 under Deputy III mainly in relation to its functions on monitoring national development progress, assisting president in counter-measuring
issues related to government’s programs, and accommodating suggestions and complaints as well as conducting the analysis of
the slowness of government’s programs
as regulated in Government Regulation No.542009 and its changes in Government
Regulation No.102012. Furthermore, LAPOR was established related to open government and good governance practice, in accordance with Law No.142008 on
Public Information Disclosure, Information Commission Regulation No.12010 on Public Information Service Standard, and policy about citizens participation and
transparency in public services delivery Law No.252009. Other policy on National Development Planning System Law No.252004 which emphasises
citizen’s involvement in development planning, Long-term National Development Plan Law
No.17207 which aims to optimalise citizens participation, and some local regulatory for citizens participation in regional development plan e.g. Government Regulation
No.82008 also underlying LAPOR besides policiesregulations mentioned in
section 4.2.1
.
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ICT Deployment
LAPOR is developed by exploiting the existing infrastructure and technology explained previously to provide aspiration channel that is easily and affordably developed and
accessed by government and citizens LAPOR 2014. SMS-based service is developed in forms of formatted message to short number 1708 and targeted survey about pre-
policy ratification. In preparing SMS gateway, LAPOR collaborates with MCIT and National Crypto Agency to allocate the number and provide the infrastructure needed to
give the cheapest price for citizens by not cooperating with content provider. As for mobile application, LAPOR developed it separately for each mobile platform i.e.
Android and Blackberry. This application is developed with social-media type in the forms of online input form and online survey. It also enables document, photo and video
attachments, links to Facebook and Twitter account, RSS feed.
Applications and Services
As the aim of LAPOR is to connect government and citizens and to increase more citizens participation in governmental activities, it allows citizens to report complaints,
aspirations, or any inputs concerning government with direct feedback. LAPOR can connect citizens with 80 government institutions, including ministries, non-ministerial
institutions, and some regional governments which ensure transparency, enable active interaction, and promote supervision consistency from all related stakeholders LAPOR
2014. Citizens can access LAPOR via mobile application or SMS, conform to the
messagereport format. LAPOR administrators then evaluate the message to see whether the content is complete and understandable enough before forward it to the
relevant government institutions. All reports from citizens are published in LAPOR newsfeed as that in Facebook via mobile application or website, except those who want
to conceal their report contents, where the reporter and related government institution can interact
via ‘follow-up’ menu while other users may comment and give support to the related report or rate the follow-up. On the other hand, citizens who report via SMS
will only get short notification for the follow-up including the link for the complete feedback.
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Another feature that is developed is Policy Opinion. Currently, this feature is available via website and SMS. It aims to collect public opinion about the policies that will be
issued by government in the form of survey. The survey is sent to the targeted users based on the topic that is relevant to their interest by using data mining technique. For
example, UKP4 set issue regarding the planning to implement new education curriculum to adjust the current education practice. Users who are interested on
educational issue, such as those who have sent inputs related to educational topic before, are invited to give their opinion by sending SMS including the issue code.
4.4 Respondents’ Demographic