Ha = There is a significant influence of using Common Mistake Game towards
students‟ Conditional Sentencemastery at the Eleventh grade of SMAN 1Ambarawa Pringsewuin the academic year of 20162017.
Ho = There is no significant influence of using Common Mistake Game towards
students‟ Conditional Sentence mastery at the Eleventh grade of SMAN 1Ambarawa Pringsewuin the academic year of 20162017.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
The researcher used experimental design. According to Setiyadi, experimental design intended to find the relation of variables in valid which can be used to search the
conclusion in general.
65
Experimental design has three types, they are pre- experimental, true experimental, and quasi- experimental designs. Pre-experimental
provide little or no control to extraneous variables. True experimental designs, Setiyadi states that true experimental designhas three basic characteristics: a a
control group is present, b both of the subjects are chosen by random, c initial test is given to see the capabilities of the two groups.
66
Quasi experimental design includesassignment but not random assignment of participant to group. This is
because the experimenter cannot artificially create groups for the experiment.
67
The variety of quasi-experimental design can be divided into two main categories, they are post-test only control group design and pretest-posttest group design. In this
research, the researcher will apply quasi-experimental pretest-posttest group design. Creswell also states that, “we can apply the pre-test and post-test approach to a quasi-
65
Ag. Bambang Setiyadi, MetodePenelitianUntuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kulaitatif, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 125.
66
Ibid,p.141
67
John W. Creswell, Educational Research:Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative research4
th
Ed ,Boston: Pearson Education, 2012, p.309
experimental design.”
68
From the statements above, the researcher used quasi- experimental design to know the influence of using common mistake game towards
students‟ conditional sentence mastery. This design is used in this research because if the researcher makes a new class, it will disturb the other learning process in the
school. Therefore, when randomized design is not efficiency, the researcher has to use quasi experimental design. The formula of quasi-experimental design is
described as follows:
Table 5 Prettest and Posttest Design
Select Control Group Pre-test
Treatment Using Lecturing Technique
Post-test Select Experimental Group Pre-test
Treatment Using Common Mistake Game
Post-test
Pre and Posttest design adapted from John W. Creswell
The researcherused two classes, one class as an experimental class that was given treatment by using common mistake game as a technique X and the other one as a
control class was taught by using lecturing technique as a technique Y. In this research, the two groups were given pretest before treatment to k
now the students‟ early achievement in conditional sentence mastery. After that, the two groupswere given
posttest after treatment.
68
Ibid,p.310
B. Variable of the Research
According to Donald Ary,variable is a construct or a characteristic that can take on different values or scores. Researchers study variables and the relationships that exist
among variables. Height is one example of a variable; it can vary in an individual from one time to another, among individuals at the same time, among the averages
for groups, and so on. Social class, gender, vocabulary level, intelligence, and spelling test scores are other examples of variables.
69
It means that variable can be classified according to how they are measured and their functions in the research.
Therefore, it can be classified as dependent variable and independent variable.
In this research, there are two variables as follows: 1. The independent variable of research is common mistake game as variable X.
2. The dependent variable is the students‟ conditional sentence mastery as variable
Y.
C. Operational Definition of Variables
This operational definition of variables is used to explain the variables in this research to avoid misconception of variables presented in this research. The operational
definition of variables are as follows:
69
Donald Ary, Introduction to Research in Education,8
th
Ed. Belmont: Cengange Learning, 2010, p.37.
