D. Formulation of the problem
Based on the limitation of problem, the writer formulates the problem as, “Do the test English summative test from three junior high schools have good
content validity? ”
E. The objectives of the study
The writer divided the objectives from problem above, i.e. To analyze the English summative tests Junior schools for the seventh grade in South
Tangerang that conform to the syllabus.
F. The Significance of the study
There are three results of the study which are expected to contribute to two important elements in education and the next researcher, there are:
1. The English teacher will know how to develop the English summative test
items that have good content validity. 2.
The writer hopes this paper can be reference for three schools to pay attention in making the summative test. This has benefit to increase the
success the students in school. Because one of school success can be achieved with making the good evaluation.
3. The writer hopes this paper can be a reference for the next researchers.
5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. TEST 1. The Definition of Test
Actually there are many ways to measure the student s’ ability in learning
process. One of the ways is test. In Indonesia, the role of test in educational field is very important because this is one way to see how well students understand the
material during learning process and to know how well the students can reach learning objective. As Douglas defined, test is a way to measure students
’ ability, knowledge, and performance based on the material that is given
”.
1
Hopkins stated that test is a technique to get information about students understanding.
2
Peter W.Airisian and Michael K.Russel defined test is a way that is used to get
information about student’ achievement or other cognitive skill.
3
Based on the definition above, the writer conluded that test is a technique or method to get
information about person’s ability, knowledge, or performance based material that is given in learning process.
2. The Purpose of Test
Heaton stated that test has two purposes. First, to help the teacher to make rating about the students undertanding. Second, to see the students weakness
and problem in learning process. Futhermore, the purpose of test is using to teacher to identify or analyze the
students’ ability. This has benefit to students that they know their level and they can improve their ability.
4
Hughes divided the purpose of test to four points, there are: First, to measure language proficiency. Second, to discover how successfull
1
H.Douglas Brown, language Assessment Principles and Classroom practices, San Fransisco: Longman, 2004. P.3
2
Kenneth D. Hopkins, Educational and Psycological Measurement and Evaluation, New York, A Viacom Company, 1998. P.4
3
Peter W.Airasian and Michael K.Russel, Classroom Assessment, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2008.p.9
4
J.B Heaton, Writing English Language Test, London: Longman Group, 1998, New edition, p.6
students in achieveing the objectives of course of study. Third, to diagnose students’ strengths
a
nd weaknesses, to identify what they know and what t
hey don’t know. Fourth, to assisted placement of students by identifying the stage or part of a teaching programme most approppriate
to their ability.
5
Similiarity with Ahman and Glock, they stated the purpose of test is to get quantitative data that is related in increasing
students achievement.
6
From the definition above, the writer can conlude that the purpose of test is to measure, to diagnose, to find out, and to support the ability of students. How well
they can achieve learning objective and how master teacher make a test. Therefore, teacher can improve the test has been made.
3. Criteria of Good Test
The test will be administered should have a good quality. It is important because the test will influence results. The test should be well constructed for
make good result in the end of process. A well constructed means the tests fullfill the criteria of good test such as Validity, Reliability, and Practicality. If the test is
good, the test will give some information about the test takers’ achievement. There are three common criteria to make good test. Such as Validity,
reliability, and practicality.
5
Arthur Hiughes, Testing for language Teacher, Newyork, Cambridge, 2003, p.8
6
Norman E.Gronlund, Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching, fourth edition , New York: Mcmillan Publishing Co., 1981p. 15
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