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Nagrak Organic SRI Center NOSC. The program offered in the training center is especially in the form of ‘training of trainers’ TOT. The activity of NOSC has
been recognized internationally. Considering the condition described above, it is clearly that this district has the potential to be one of the districts in Indonesia
where organic rice intensification using SRI method can be well developed. More information about the physical and social-economic conditions of this
district is presented in the following parts Anonymous 2005.
2.2. Physical Condition
Location of the Study Area
District of Sukabumi is approximately 160 km from Jakarta capital of Indonesia. This district has an area of ± 420,000 ha with altitudes ranging from 0
to 2,958 m above the sea level a.s.l. Geographically, it is located between 106º
49’-107º00’ East Meridian and 6º57’ - 7º25’ South Latitude. The administrative boundaries of this district are 40 with ocean and 60 with land,
i.e., District of Bogor in the North, District of Cianjur in the East, District of Lebak in the West and Indian Ocean in the South. Map of the District of
Sukabumi and its location in the West Java Province can be seen in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2.
Topography
Most of this district area is hilly land, except in the southern part which is flat plane spreading from the bay of Ciletuh up to Cikaso and Cimandiri
tributaries. Several mountains are in the northern part, i.e., Mt. Halimun 1,929 m, Mt. Salak 2,211 m, and the highest is Mt. Gede 2,958 m. Among the rivers
flowing in this area are r. Cimandiri and r. Cikaso, which end up at Indian Ocean. Topographical condition of this district varies from flat to hilly and
mountains. From the total area ± 420,000 ha, it consists of plane with 0-2 slope 9.4, wavy with 2-15 slope 22.0, hilly with 15-40 slope 42.7
and mountains with 40 slope or elevation 25.9. The altitude of the land
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varies from 0 to 2,958 m a.s.l. Flat planes are in the coastal areas and mountain bases usually used for paddy fields.
Figure 2.1. Map of the District of Sukabumi
Figure 2.2. Location of Sukabumi in West Java Province The hydrological condition of District of Sukabumi is influenced by the climatic
factor especially rainfall. According to the topographic pattern, there are five
Sukabumi WEST JAVA
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watersheds in this area: Cimandiri with Cipelang, Cicatih, Citarik, Cibodas and Cidadap branches or sub-watersheds, Cibareno, Ciletuh, Cikaso and Cibuni.
Climatic Condition
District of Sukabumi has the potential to be a very large dry land region. Currently most of this region comprises areas of estate, yard and forest. This
district has tropical climate of type B Oldeman with average rainfall of 2,805 mmyr and 144 rain days. Air temperature ranges from 20ºC to 30ºC and Relative
Humidity ranges from 85 to 89. Annual rainfall of 3,000 mm to 4,000 mm occurs in the northern part and 2,000 mm to 3,000 mm occurs in the middle
through southern part of the district.
Soil
Types of soil spread in the District of Sukabumi are mostly dominated by Latosol and Podsolik in the southern part with low fertility level. Soil types of
Andosol and Regosol are in the hilly areas particularly in Mt. Salak, Mt. Gede and in the coastal area. Aluvial soil is generally in the valley and basin of the rivers. In
general, the types of soil in this district are dominated by mineral soils with various
grade. Table 2.1 shows the soil types and their areas as well as the percentage.
Table 2.1. Soil types in the District of Sukabumi
Type of soil Area ha
Percentage
Gleisol 6.500
1,6 Alluvial
8.720 2,1
Regosol 2.740
0,6 Andosol
13.430 3,4
Association of Renzina and Combisol 17.430
4,2 Grumosol
23.560 5,7
Mediteran 48.720
11,7 Podsol
65.550 16,0
Latosol 227.160
54,7 Total
414.770 100.0
Land Use
District of Sukabumi has quite large territorial area, i.e., ± 419.970 ha, amounting to 9.18 of West Java Province area. In 1993, the land use of this region
was designated as follows: 18,814 ha 4.48 for yardsvillages; 62,083 ha
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14.78 for paddy fields; 103,443 ha 24.63 for uplands; 95,378 ha 22.71 for plant estate; 1,486 ha 0.35 for lakesponds; 135,004 ha 32.15 for forest;
and 3,762 ha 0.90 for others. This land use data may change from year to year as influenced by the local
development program. For example, the change in the total area of land use for paddy fields can be seen in the data presented in Table 2.2. Some parts of the paddy
fields may have been changed or converted to real estates, which currently becomes comment practice by the government especially in Java Island due to the demand of
land for settlement. Table 2.2. Change in area of paddy fields according to irrigation type used in
2003 – 2008 in ha
Year Technical
Irrigation Semi-technical
Irrigation Simple
Irrigation Non-PW
Irrigation Rainfed
Irrigation Others
Total 2003
5,790 7,621
5,276 24,196
20,092 596
63,571 2004
5,159 8,545
10,239 18,886
15,218 59
62,715 2005
5,159 8,545
10,239 18,886
15,218 59
62,715 2006
3,630 9,254
7,705 2,358
18,402 19
62,548 2007
3,746 9,171
9,623 21,092
19,225 39
62,896 2008
3,867 10.045
15,214 20.882
19,211 20
69,239 Source: BPS Kabupaten Sukabumi 2006-20009
2.3. Social Economic Condition
