Character Definition of Terms

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1.4.2. Struggle

Struggle is the act or process, or an instance of struggling Webster encyclopedic unabridged dictionary of English language, 1989, p. 1410. In this study, struggle means the act or process, or an instance of struggling that Athena did in her life.

1.4.3. Motivation

Motivation is the grounds in a character’s temperament and moral nature for his speech and actions Abrams, 1981, p. 20. In this study, motivation means the grounds in Athena’s temperament and moral nature for her speech and actions.

1.4.4. Witch

Witch is a lady with a long history behind her, recorded in the psyche, and with a complicated development of personality transference which legend has shaped, clothed and brought to life as hostile character The Penguin Dictionary of Symbols, 1996, p. 1118. In this study, witch means the nickname for Athena since she had a long history behind her, recorded in the psyche, and with a complicated development of personality transference which legend has shaped and clothed, but many people considered her as hostile character. 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This second chapter consists of four sub-chapters. They are Theoretical Review, Theoretical Framework and Context of the Novel. In Theoretical Review, the theories employed are discussed. Theoretical Framework explains the contributions of the theories employed. The last sub-chapter, Context of the Novel, describes the social, cultural, political, and economical situation of the novelist and the novel.

2.1. Theoretical Review

In order to answer the research questions, the writer is employing several theories. They are Theory of Critical Approaches, Psychoanalysis, Theory of Motivation, Theory of Character and Characterization, and Theory of Love.

2.1.1. Theory of Critical Approaches

This theory is introduced by RohrBerger and Woods, Jr. in their work Reading and Writing About Literature in 1971. It consists of five approaches to study a literary work pp. 6-15. They are The Formalist Approach, The Biographical Approach, The Sociocultural-Historical Approach, The Mythopoeic Approach, and The Psychological Approach.