Struggle Motivation Witch Definition of Terms

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This second chapter consists of four sub-chapters. They are Theoretical Review, Theoretical Framework and Context of the Novel. In Theoretical Review, the theories employed are discussed. Theoretical Framework explains the contributions of the theories employed. The last sub-chapter, Context of the Novel, describes the social, cultural, political, and economical situation of the novelist and the novel.

2.1. Theoretical Review

In order to answer the research questions, the writer is employing several theories. They are Theory of Critical Approaches, Psychoanalysis, Theory of Motivation, Theory of Character and Characterization, and Theory of Love.

2.1.1. Theory of Critical Approaches

This theory is introduced by RohrBerger and Woods, Jr. in their work Reading and Writing About Literature in 1971. It consists of five approaches to study a literary work pp. 6-15. They are The Formalist Approach, The Biographical Approach, The Sociocultural-Historical Approach, The Mythopoeic Approach, and The Psychological Approach. 6

2.1.1.1. The Formalist Approach

This approach has purpose to apprehend the totality of the literary object. Mostly it concentrates on its esthetic value. Furthermore, the extreme formalist critic examines the literary piece without reference to facts of the author’s life, without reference to the genre of the piece or to its place in the development of the genre or in literary history, and without reference to its social milieu pp. 6-7.

2.1.1.2. The Biographical Approach

Proponents of the biographical approach assert the necessity for an appreciation of the ideas and personality of the author to an understanding of the literary object. It provides useful facts about the author will help the readers to have a better understanding and appreciation toward the literary object pp. 8-9.

2.1.1.3. The Sociocultural-Historical Approach

This approach is concerned with the social background in which work of literary was created. Behind every art form there is also a philosophy of life which can be expressed and viewed in moral terms. Two factors are present here: First, accuracy in the presentation of historical facts is of value to the historian, but not necessarily to the author. Second, a work of literature might have historical significance, but not necessarily literary significance pp. 9-11.