33 error of measurement; ... for the purpose of determining what abilities are being
measured.” Douglas 2000:256 also states, “Qualitative methods generally focus more
on the individual than on groups, and on verbal rather than numerical data. Techniques such as observations, questionnaires, interviews, verbal report, and think-
aloud studies can be used with the trial candidates to gain information about the quality of the test rubric, the instructions, time allotment, and the prompt, the
appropriateness and level of the content, the process of responding to tasks, and general satisfaction with the format of the test.”
Descriptive qualitative method is used to do evaluation about the students’ ability in using conditional sentences. The resesarcher do collecting the data by
giving the test of multiple choice and completion test. Descriptive quantitative method is used to do measurement about the data of students’ ability in using
conditional sentences. The researcher do analysing the data with some formulation to find the result of the test.
Library research was done to find the data of theory and to help in analysing the research with reading some books related to the subject of analysis about
conditional sentences and ability and field research was done when collecting the data from the school.
3.2 Location and Time
This research was held at SMA Cahaya Medan which is located on Jl. Hayam Wuruk no. 11, Medan, April 4th – May 4th, 2015.
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3.3 Population and Sample
Arikunto 1993:102 says, “Population is the whole number of the subject or people under observation in research.”
In this research, the population is the grade XI students of SMA Cahaya Medan that consist of 42 students in grade XI IPA 1, 45 students in grade XI IPA 2,
45 students in grade XI IPA 3, 44 students in grade XI IPS 1, 45 students in grade XI IPS 2, and 46 students in grade XI IPS 3. The total of population in grade XI of SMA
Cahaya are 267 students.
For limited the time, the data of all population can not be analyzed but some of them can be taken as a sample which has represented the student’s ability.
Arikunto 1993:109 says, “A sample is a limited number of elements selected from a population to be representative of that population”. Random sampling is used to
gives students a chance of being selected as the sample. As Gay 1987:104 states, “Random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample. This
procedure guarantees a higher probably than any other way.” and Lado 1961:20 says, “The sample should ordinarily be randomly selected.” Then it is decided to take
them in random sampling by lottre. In this study, there are 6 classes of SMA Cahaya Medan students in grade XI
and it was choosen 60 students as sample about 25 of population. It is considered representative enough and relevant as Arikunto 1993:107 said that the size of
sample is 10-15 or 20-25 the population is relative large. It was choosen 30 students from XI IPA 3 and 30 students from XI IPS 1 at random. Here are the
following table of sample in grade XI SMA Cahaya Medan students.
