THE LI NIHA MAINTENANCE AMONG TEENAGERS OF ORAHUA MAHASISWA NIAS (OMN) MEDAN IN KELURAHAN LAUCI MEDAN TUNTUNGAN.
THE LI NIHA MAINTENANCE AMONG NIAS TEENAGERS
OF ORAHUA MAHASISWA NIAS (OMN) MEDAN
IN KELURAHAN LAUCI MEDAN TUNTUNGAN
THESIS
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
Postgraduate School State University of Medan
Proposed by:
RISWAN ZEGA
Registration Number: 8146111055
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2017
A
T h e s is
LI NIHA
NIAS
ORAHUA MAHASISWA NIAS(OMN) MEDAN
KELURAHANLAUCIMEDANTUNTUNGAN
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Li Niha
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OMNMedan KelurahanLaud Medan
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ABSTRACT
Zega, Riswan. Registration Number 8146111055. The Li Niha Maintenance
among Teenagers of Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan in Kelurahan
Lauci Medan Tuntungan. Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program,
Postgraduate School, State University of Medan (UNIMED). 2016
This study explained the Li Niha Maintenance among Teenagers of Orahua
Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan. The
objectives of this study were (1) to investigate what maintenance of Li Niha is
preserved by the Nias teenagers of OMN Medan (2) to describe how is the Li Niha
maintained by the Nias teenagers of OMN Medan (3) to explain the reason why is
the Li Niha maintained by the Nias teenagers of OMN Medan. This study applied
phenomenological design as a part of qualitative research design. Data were
words or utterances of 20 persons teenager of OMN Medan collected through
observation and interview techniques. The data were analyzed by using Bogdan &
Biklen, (1992). The findings of this study showed that: (1) four types of Li Niha
maintenance preserved by the teenagers of OMN Medan namely strong, dominant,
moderate and weak maintenance; (2) four ways of Li Niha maintained by Nias
teenagers of OMN Medan, were (a) consistently used full of Li Niha although
their partner spoke Indonesian language to them, (b) using Li Niha dominantly (c)
mixing Li Niha with Indonesian language (d) and using Indonesian language
dominantly; and (3) five reasons the teenagers of Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN)
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan maintain Li Niha because; (a) it’s
their heritage language, (b) to show that they are not arrogant to Nias people, (c)
to show the closeness with Nias people, (d) to show their identity, and (e) in order
that he/she can talk to Nias people (oldest people) who cannot speak in
Indonesian.
i
ABSTRAK
Riswan Zega. Pemertahanan Li Niha diantara Remaja Orahua Mahasiswa
Nias (OMN) Medan di Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan. Tesis. Program
Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas
Negeri Medan. 2016.
Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang Pemertahanan Li Niha diantara Remaja Orahua
Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan di Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui tipe pemertahanan apa yang
dilakukan oleh remaja OMN Medan terhadap Li Niha (2) untuk menggambarkan
bagaimana mereka mempertahankan Li Niha dan (3) untuk menjelaskan mengapa
mereka mempertahankan Li Niha. Penelitian ini menerapkan phenomenologikal
desain yaitu bagian dari penelitian kualitatif. Data adalah kata-kata atau ucapan
dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi dan wawancara.dari 20 orang remaja OMN
Medan. Data yang diperoleh melalui penelitian ini dianalisis dengan
menggunakan teknik Bogdan & Biklen, (1992).Temuan dari penelitian ini
menununjukkan bahwa: 1) ada 4 tipe pemertahanan Li Niha yang dilakukan oleh
remaja OMN Medan yaitu kuat, dominan, sedang dan lemah; 2) ada empat cara
permertahanan Li Niha yang dilakukan oleh remaja tersebut, (a) consisten
menggunakan Li Niha secara utuh meskipun lawan bicaranya berbahasa
Indonesia, (b) domain menggunakan Li Niha (c) mencampur Li Niha dengan
bahasa Indonesia (d) dominan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia; (3) alasan remaja
OMN Medan mempertahankan Li Niha karena; (a) itu adalah bahasa warisan, (b)
untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak sombong kepada sesama orang Nias (c)
untuk menunjukkan keakraban mereka kepada orang Nias, (d) untuk
menunjukkan identitas mereka, (e) dan agar mereka bisa berbicara dengan orang
yang sudah lanjut usia atau kepada orang Nias yang belum bisa berbahasa
Indonesia.
ii
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
Everything is done because of God’s grace. Therefore the researcher
would like to thank god the creator of the sky, earth and theirs contents who
accompanying him and gave him a good health to finish this thesis
Then, the researcher would like to express his gratitude to Dr. Rahmad
Husein, M.Ed as a chief and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum as the secretary of
English applied linguistics program in State University of Medan (Unimed) who
support, advice and motivate him in finishing this thesis.
The researcher would like to express his heartfelt gratitude to his Advisor
lecturers, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing who
gave sound guidance through every step of this research project with humor,
patience, sincerity and wisdom.
Next, the researcher would like to extend his sincere appreciation to his
reviewer Lecturers, Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and Dr.
Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum who patiently corrected his mistakes, kindly
supported him and advised him to expand his knowledge in writing this thesis.
During studying in Unimed the researcher has been supported by many
sides morally and materially. There for the researcher wish to thanks:
1. His beloved parents, Afolo Zega (father) and Adila Ziliwu (mother).
2. Ardin Zega, his brother and his sisters, Hasratwati Zega, Agusniar Zega and
Sudiria Zega.
3. Atosokhi Zega and Junianto Zega, his brothers in law and ester Formas Gea,
his sister in law.
iii
4. All his close friends, Dewiria Harefa, Riky Saputra Zega, Siprianus Zega,
Fenuarni Ziliwu, Budiyarman Lahagu and all the members of OMN Medan
especially to the participants who involved in his research. And everyone who
helps the researcher in his research he would like to thank them all.
The researcher is aware that he is unable to reply all the kindness,
support and everything you did to him. You are his inspiration. God bless us.
Medan, 19 Januari 2017
The Researcher,
RISWAN ZEGA
NIM. 8146111055
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Abstract ...........................................................................................................
i
Abstrak ............................................................................................................
ii
Acknowledgements .........................................................................................
iii
Table of contents .............................................................................................
v
List of tables ....................................................................................................
vii
List of charts ....................................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1
1.1 The Background of the Study ....................................................................
1
1.2 The Scope of the Study .............................................................................
4
1.3 The Problems of the Study ........................................................................
5
1.4 The Objectives of the Study ......................................................................
6
1.5 The Significance of the Study ...................................................................
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..................................................
7
2.1 The Language Maintenance ................................................................................
7
2.2 The Types of Language Maintenance .................................................................
8
2.3 The Process of Maintaining a Language ...................................................
10
2.4 The Reasons of Language Maintenance ...................................................
12
2.5 The Li Niha ...............................................................................................
13
2.6 The Nias Teenagers ...................................................................................
13
2.7 The Relevant Studies .................................................................................
15
2.8 The Conceptual Framework ......................................................................
24
v
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................
26
3.1 The Design of the Study ............................................................................
26
3.2 The Research Setting .................................................................................
27
3.3 The Data and Source of the Data ..............................................................
28
3.4 Technique of the Data Collection .............................................................
30
3.5 The Procedure of the Data Collection .......................................................
31
3.6 The Technique of the Data Analysis .........................................................
32
3.7 Trustworthiness of the Data ......................................................................
33
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDING AND
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................
36
4.1 Data Analysis ............................................................................................
36
4.1.1 The Types of Li Niha Maintenance Preserved by Teenagers of OMN
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ........................................ 36
4.1.2 The Ways of Li Niha Maintained by Teenagers of OMN Medan in
Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ......................................................
55
4.1.3 The Reasons of Li Niha Maintained by Teenagers of OMN
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan .....................................
62
4.2 Research Findings .....................................................................................
71
4.3 Discussion .................................................................................................
72
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...............................
76
5.1 Conclusions ...............................................................................................
76
5.2 Suggestions ...............................................................................................
77
References .......................................................................................................
78
vi
Appendix .........................................................................................................
vii
82
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1.1 The Types of Li Niha Maintenance Preserved by Teenagers
of OMN Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ................
54
Table 4.1.2 The Ways of Li Niha Maintained by the Teenagers of OMN
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan .......................................
61
Table 4.1.3 The reasons of li niha maintained by the Teenagers of OMN Medan
in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ...................................................
vii
70
76
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing all the data in this research entitled Li Niha Maintenance
Among the Nias Teenagers of Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) in Kelurahan Lauci
Medan Tuntungan, the conclusion can be drawn as follows:
(1) there are four types of Li Niha maintenance among the Nias teenagers of
Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan),
namely
strong
maintenance,
dominantly
maintenance,
moderate
maintenance and weak maintenance;
(2) there four ways Li Niha maintined by teenagers of OMN Medan in
Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan in maintaining Li Niha are;
consistently used full of Li Niha although their partner spoke Indonesian
language to them, using Li Niha but they forced used pure Indonesian
word in talking about any terms or the word couldn’t be translated into Li
Niha, sometimes they mixing Li Niha with Indonesian language, and Here
the speakers dominantly use Indonesian language in their conversation
when they talk to Nias people
(3) there five reasons of Li Niha maintained by Teenagers of OMN Medan in
Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan, are; it’s their heritage language, to
show that they are not arrogant to Nias people, to show the closeness with
76
77
Nias people, to show their identity, and in order that he/she can talk to
Nias people (oldest people) who cannot speak in Indonesian.
5.2 Suggestions
Based on the researcher’s experience and also the finding had been gotten
from this research can be given some suggestions as follows:
(1) It is expected that other researchers can research the Li Niha with
different object and different participants. Then they can explore and
investigate some language maintenance types in-depth in order to enrich
the knowledge about the language research related to this case.
(2) It suggested to Nias people especially to the teenagers of Orahua
Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan in
order that they use Li Niha all the time because it’s is their heritage
language, identity, the way to keep their relationship each other and to
keep their culture.
(3) It suggested to the parents in order that they support their children to use
Li Niha in their family in order that its speakers be increased.
78
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OF ORAHUA MAHASISWA NIAS (OMN) MEDAN
IN KELURAHAN LAUCI MEDAN TUNTUNGAN
THESIS
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
Postgraduate School State University of Medan
Proposed by:
RISWAN ZEGA
Registration Number: 8146111055
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2017
A
T h e s is
LI NIHA
NIAS
ORAHUA MAHASISWA NIAS(OMN) MEDAN
KELURAHANLAUCIMEDANTUNTUNGAN
T H E
M
A I N T E N A N C E
A M
O N G
T E E N A G E R S
O F
I N
B y :
R I S W
R
e g is t r a t io n
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A
p p lie d
P o s t g r a d u a t e
T h is
T h e s is
w
a s
e x a m
in e d
d v i s e r
N
u m
Z E G
b e r :
A
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d v i s e r
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B a h a sa I n g g r is (L T B I)
Li Niha
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OMNMedan KelurahanLaud Medan
Tunlungan
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D e s e m b e r
Z E G
A
ABSTRACT
Zega, Riswan. Registration Number 8146111055. The Li Niha Maintenance
among Teenagers of Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan in Kelurahan
Lauci Medan Tuntungan. Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program,
Postgraduate School, State University of Medan (UNIMED). 2016
This study explained the Li Niha Maintenance among Teenagers of Orahua
Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan. The
objectives of this study were (1) to investigate what maintenance of Li Niha is
preserved by the Nias teenagers of OMN Medan (2) to describe how is the Li Niha
maintained by the Nias teenagers of OMN Medan (3) to explain the reason why is
the Li Niha maintained by the Nias teenagers of OMN Medan. This study applied
phenomenological design as a part of qualitative research design. Data were
words or utterances of 20 persons teenager of OMN Medan collected through
observation and interview techniques. The data were analyzed by using Bogdan &
Biklen, (1992). The findings of this study showed that: (1) four types of Li Niha
maintenance preserved by the teenagers of OMN Medan namely strong, dominant,
moderate and weak maintenance; (2) four ways of Li Niha maintained by Nias
teenagers of OMN Medan, were (a) consistently used full of Li Niha although
their partner spoke Indonesian language to them, (b) using Li Niha dominantly (c)
mixing Li Niha with Indonesian language (d) and using Indonesian language
dominantly; and (3) five reasons the teenagers of Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN)
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan maintain Li Niha because; (a) it’s
their heritage language, (b) to show that they are not arrogant to Nias people, (c)
to show the closeness with Nias people, (d) to show their identity, and (e) in order
that he/she can talk to Nias people (oldest people) who cannot speak in
Indonesian.
i
ABSTRAK
Riswan Zega. Pemertahanan Li Niha diantara Remaja Orahua Mahasiswa
Nias (OMN) Medan di Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan. Tesis. Program
Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas
Negeri Medan. 2016.
Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang Pemertahanan Li Niha diantara Remaja Orahua
Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan di Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui tipe pemertahanan apa yang
dilakukan oleh remaja OMN Medan terhadap Li Niha (2) untuk menggambarkan
bagaimana mereka mempertahankan Li Niha dan (3) untuk menjelaskan mengapa
mereka mempertahankan Li Niha. Penelitian ini menerapkan phenomenologikal
desain yaitu bagian dari penelitian kualitatif. Data adalah kata-kata atau ucapan
dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi dan wawancara.dari 20 orang remaja OMN
Medan. Data yang diperoleh melalui penelitian ini dianalisis dengan
menggunakan teknik Bogdan & Biklen, (1992).Temuan dari penelitian ini
menununjukkan bahwa: 1) ada 4 tipe pemertahanan Li Niha yang dilakukan oleh
remaja OMN Medan yaitu kuat, dominan, sedang dan lemah; 2) ada empat cara
permertahanan Li Niha yang dilakukan oleh remaja tersebut, (a) consisten
menggunakan Li Niha secara utuh meskipun lawan bicaranya berbahasa
Indonesia, (b) domain menggunakan Li Niha (c) mencampur Li Niha dengan
bahasa Indonesia (d) dominan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia; (3) alasan remaja
OMN Medan mempertahankan Li Niha karena; (a) itu adalah bahasa warisan, (b)
untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak sombong kepada sesama orang Nias (c)
untuk menunjukkan keakraban mereka kepada orang Nias, (d) untuk
menunjukkan identitas mereka, (e) dan agar mereka bisa berbicara dengan orang
yang sudah lanjut usia atau kepada orang Nias yang belum bisa berbahasa
Indonesia.
ii
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
Everything is done because of God’s grace. Therefore the researcher
would like to thank god the creator of the sky, earth and theirs contents who
accompanying him and gave him a good health to finish this thesis
Then, the researcher would like to express his gratitude to Dr. Rahmad
Husein, M.Ed as a chief and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum as the secretary of
English applied linguistics program in State University of Medan (Unimed) who
support, advice and motivate him in finishing this thesis.
The researcher would like to express his heartfelt gratitude to his Advisor
lecturers, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing who
gave sound guidance through every step of this research project with humor,
patience, sincerity and wisdom.
Next, the researcher would like to extend his sincere appreciation to his
reviewer Lecturers, Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and Dr.
Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum who patiently corrected his mistakes, kindly
supported him and advised him to expand his knowledge in writing this thesis.
During studying in Unimed the researcher has been supported by many
sides morally and materially. There for the researcher wish to thanks:
1. His beloved parents, Afolo Zega (father) and Adila Ziliwu (mother).
2. Ardin Zega, his brother and his sisters, Hasratwati Zega, Agusniar Zega and
Sudiria Zega.
3. Atosokhi Zega and Junianto Zega, his brothers in law and ester Formas Gea,
his sister in law.
iii
4. All his close friends, Dewiria Harefa, Riky Saputra Zega, Siprianus Zega,
Fenuarni Ziliwu, Budiyarman Lahagu and all the members of OMN Medan
especially to the participants who involved in his research. And everyone who
helps the researcher in his research he would like to thank them all.
The researcher is aware that he is unable to reply all the kindness,
support and everything you did to him. You are his inspiration. God bless us.
Medan, 19 Januari 2017
The Researcher,
RISWAN ZEGA
NIM. 8146111055
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Abstract ...........................................................................................................
i
Abstrak ............................................................................................................
ii
Acknowledgements .........................................................................................
iii
Table of contents .............................................................................................
v
List of tables ....................................................................................................
vii
List of charts ....................................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1
1.1 The Background of the Study ....................................................................
1
1.2 The Scope of the Study .............................................................................
4
1.3 The Problems of the Study ........................................................................
5
1.4 The Objectives of the Study ......................................................................
6
1.5 The Significance of the Study ...................................................................
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..................................................
7
2.1 The Language Maintenance ................................................................................
7
2.2 The Types of Language Maintenance .................................................................
8
2.3 The Process of Maintaining a Language ...................................................
10
2.4 The Reasons of Language Maintenance ...................................................
12
2.5 The Li Niha ...............................................................................................
13
2.6 The Nias Teenagers ...................................................................................
13
2.7 The Relevant Studies .................................................................................
15
2.8 The Conceptual Framework ......................................................................
24
v
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................
26
3.1 The Design of the Study ............................................................................
26
3.2 The Research Setting .................................................................................
27
3.3 The Data and Source of the Data ..............................................................
28
3.4 Technique of the Data Collection .............................................................
30
3.5 The Procedure of the Data Collection .......................................................
31
3.6 The Technique of the Data Analysis .........................................................
32
3.7 Trustworthiness of the Data ......................................................................
33
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDING AND
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................
36
4.1 Data Analysis ............................................................................................
36
4.1.1 The Types of Li Niha Maintenance Preserved by Teenagers of OMN
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ........................................ 36
4.1.2 The Ways of Li Niha Maintained by Teenagers of OMN Medan in
Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ......................................................
55
4.1.3 The Reasons of Li Niha Maintained by Teenagers of OMN
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan .....................................
62
4.2 Research Findings .....................................................................................
71
4.3 Discussion .................................................................................................
72
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...............................
76
5.1 Conclusions ...............................................................................................
76
5.2 Suggestions ...............................................................................................
77
References .......................................................................................................
78
vi
Appendix .........................................................................................................
vii
82
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1.1 The Types of Li Niha Maintenance Preserved by Teenagers
of OMN Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ................
54
Table 4.1.2 The Ways of Li Niha Maintained by the Teenagers of OMN
Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan .......................................
61
Table 4.1.3 The reasons of li niha maintained by the Teenagers of OMN Medan
in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan ...................................................
vii
70
76
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing all the data in this research entitled Li Niha Maintenance
Among the Nias Teenagers of Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) in Kelurahan Lauci
Medan Tuntungan, the conclusion can be drawn as follows:
(1) there are four types of Li Niha maintenance among the Nias teenagers of
Orahua Mahasiswa Nias (OMN in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan),
namely
strong
maintenance,
dominantly
maintenance,
moderate
maintenance and weak maintenance;
(2) there four ways Li Niha maintined by teenagers of OMN Medan in
Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan in maintaining Li Niha are;
consistently used full of Li Niha although their partner spoke Indonesian
language to them, using Li Niha but they forced used pure Indonesian
word in talking about any terms or the word couldn’t be translated into Li
Niha, sometimes they mixing Li Niha with Indonesian language, and Here
the speakers dominantly use Indonesian language in their conversation
when they talk to Nias people
(3) there five reasons of Li Niha maintained by Teenagers of OMN Medan in
Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan, are; it’s their heritage language, to
show that they are not arrogant to Nias people, to show the closeness with
76
77
Nias people, to show their identity, and in order that he/she can talk to
Nias people (oldest people) who cannot speak in Indonesian.
5.2 Suggestions
Based on the researcher’s experience and also the finding had been gotten
from this research can be given some suggestions as follows:
(1) It is expected that other researchers can research the Li Niha with
different object and different participants. Then they can explore and
investigate some language maintenance types in-depth in order to enrich
the knowledge about the language research related to this case.
(2) It suggested to Nias people especially to the teenagers of Orahua
Mahasiswa Nias (OMN) Medan in Kelurahan Lauci Medan Tuntungan in
order that they use Li Niha all the time because it’s is their heritage
language, identity, the way to keep their relationship each other and to
keep their culture.
(3) It suggested to the parents in order that they support their children to use
Li Niha in their family in order that its speakers be increased.
78
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