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3. Critical Approaches
There are five approaches that can be used to analyze literary works according to Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. They are the formalist approach, the
biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic approach and the psychological approach 3-15.
a. The Formalist Approach The formalist approach is an approach discussing the totality of the literary
works. This approach sees esthetic value of the novel which shown from the harmonious involvement of all parts to the whole, and it concern with the point
out how meaning is derived from structures and matters of technique determine structure 6-
7. We do not need more references relating to the author’s biography, literary genre or social background that inspire the author in his
writing when analyzing literary piece. This approach emphasizes on the literature work itself and its esthetic meanings.
b. The Biographical Approach The biographical approach stresses on the necessity for an appreciation of
the ideas and personality of the author to an understanding of the literary works. To understand and appreciate the author’s writing, we need to dig out author’s life
and development and then apply the knowledge. This approach sees the literary works as reflection of somebody’s personality. The knowledge and sources about
the author become the basis writing of the literary work 8. c. The Sociocultural-Historical Approach
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14 The sociocultural-historical approach deals with the social, cultural, and
historical events where the literary work is produced. The subject matter is the definition of the civilization of attitudes and actions. Civilization is defined as the
attitudes and actions of a specific group of people. It is necessary to investigate the social milieu, the cultural and historical background in which a novel is
created 9. d. The Mythopoeic Approach
The mythopoeic approach is an approach which can improve our knowledge about the recurrent pattern of human thought that they believe. These
recurrent patterns are those that discovered first expression of ancient myth and folk which are so basic of human thought and have meanings for everyone. The
myth and folk rites that are followed by certain societies become the basis to analyze the literary works 11.
e. The Psychological Approach The psychological approach involves the efforts to locate and demonstrate
certain recurrent pattern. This approach uses theories of psychology to explain man’s capacity for creation, the complexity of his thought, motivation and
behavior and that the content of mind’s region found expression in symbolic words, thought and actions 13. By analyzing structure or contents of dreams
people could interpret individual experience because there is such of a set of symbols that are common in it.
This study employs the psychological approach which is believed as the most suitable one to answer the questions stated in problem formulation. The
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15 study of psychology is related with the mind, its senses and human behavior.
People’s mind controls their behavior and their behavior influences and is influenced in many ways. The writer uses the psychological approach to analyze
the character behavior in expressing his lost love.
4. Ideal Family
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