Obesity and Health Problems
1.3 Prevalence of Obesity in Perak, Malaysia
There is no single data on the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren in the state of Perak. However, individual data gathered from the various districts school health teams showed that apart from Kerian district, the rest of the districts had low prevalence of obesity. Review of five years data from Kerian district showed prevalence of obesity ranging from 4.45 to 6.30 among Year 1 students; 7.60 to 16.80 among Year 6 students and 5.0 to 13.90 among Form 3 students respectively. A study done in Hilir Perak district by Pon Lai Wan et al 2004 revealed that 8.5 from 558 students were found to be overweight and obese. Five years’ data obtained from the School Health Services showed that the prevalence of obesity defined as weight-for-height in excess of 120 percent of the ideal in the district of Kinta, ranges from 6.30 to 8.90 among Year 1 students; 12.80 to 17.00 among Year 6 students and 8.50 to 13.30 among Form 3 students respectively. It is thus felt that there is a need for an intervention programme for young schoolchildren so as to reduce future morbidity and mortality, and further help to decrease the economic burden on the health system. 2 8 7 n In ter ven tion P ro g ra m m e A m ong O ver w eig h t P ri m ar y S cho o l C h ild ren Figure 1. Factors contributing to overweight among primary school children overweight among primary school children compliance Peer pressure Physical activities exercise Psychological factors Self image Age of weaning Breast feeding Dietary factors Socio-economic status Well balanced Availability of food Birth weight Obesity In the family Family factors lifestyle genetic Knowledge on healthy eating non-modifiable factors Health concern Knowledge of health hazard regarding obesity Student factors attitudeParts
» Health System Research In Perak 2006 – 2009
» Objective Methodology Results Discussion
» CI 14.7-28.0 to 67.7 CI 59.7-75.6.
» Problem Statement Problem Analysis
» Variables Table 5. Variables definition
» Techniques for Data Collection Pre-Testing
» Plan for Data Analysis and Interpretation Include Dummy Tables
» Results of Evaluation of Safety Device
» Statement of Principal Finding
» Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study
» Strengths and Weakness in Relation to Other Studies Rate of Unsafe Households
» Meaning of the Study Possible Mechanism and Implication for Clinicians Policymakers
» Unanswered Questions and Future Research
» Introduction Objectives Methodology Results Discussion
» Benefits of psychoeducation INTRODUCTION
» Rationale of study INTRODUCTION
» Potential utilisation of research
» Inclusion criteria Sample size and sampling method
» Exclusion criteria Sample size and sampling method
» Data collection tools and techniques
» Socio-demography of caregivers RESULTS
» Socio-demography of schizophrenic patients Knowledge of caregivers on schizophrenia
» Outcome of patients with schizophrenia
» FBISSF scores of caregivers in the intervention group
» FBISSF scores of caregivers in the control group
» Opinions of staff regarding the psychoeducation programme
» Knowledge of caregivers on schizophrenia
» Defaulter rates Comparison with other studies .1 Readmission rates
» Family burden Comparison with other studies .1 Readmission rates
» Feasibility of the psychoeducation programme
» Introduction Objective Methodology Results Discussion
» Ethical Consideration Sampling METHODOLOGY
» Comparison on Change in Asthma Control Based on ACT in the Post Intervention Cohort
» Statement of Principle Findings
» Strengths and Weaknesses in Relation to Other Studies
» Meaning of the Study Possible Mechanisms and Implication for Policy Makers Clinicians
» Introduction Objectives Methodology Results
» Background Problem statement INTRODUCTION
» Sample Size and Sampling Method Sampling
» Methodology Sampling 0 CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
» Conclusion Recommendations 0 CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
» Background and problem analysis
» Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
» Sample Size and sampling method Variables Data collection techniques
» Comparison between hospital and health clinics baseline data
» Problems and Limitations DISCUSSIONS
» Discussions of Results DISCUSSIONS
» Overview of research design Study type
» Ethical considerations Variables Variables
» Data collection techniques METHODOLOGY
» Health seeking practice: choice of health care provider
» Strengths weaknesses of the study
» Comparison with other studies
» Meaning of study implication for policy makers
» Methodology Results Discussion If you did not seek treatment for your illness,
» The interview style questionnaires cross sectional study results
» Results of knowledge about hypertensive disease and
» Focus group discussion Phase I
» Pre intervention data collection
» Implementation of Intervention packages
» Post Intervention data Phase III
» DISCUSSION If you did not seek treatment for your illness,
» Introduction Objective Methodology Results
» Conclusion Recommendations If you did not seek treatment for your illness,
» Prevalence of Obesity in Perak, Malaysia
» Diet Intervention Interventional Package .1
» Physical Activity Variables Table 1. Variables
» Introduction Objective Methodology If you did not seek treatment for your illness,
» Results If you did not seek treatment for your illness,
» INTRODUCTION If you did not seek treatment for your illness,
» Pre-intervention Evaluation of the Diabetic Foot Care Education Programme
» Tidak Setuju 2. Tidak pasti 3. Setuju A Latihan
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