light, moon, star a part of the earth which is give us alive described do not shine anymore. It means our world become dark.
Figuratively, this exaggeration is used to emphasize our weaknesses. It describes the situation when we are weak and can not do our activity. God remember us to
work since our youth when we have a powerful to do all works.
4.1.4 Personification 1. Ecclesiastes 1: 5
The sun also rises, and the sun goes down, and hurries to its place where it rises.
In the expression above, the word ‘sun’ indicates a personification since the
word ‘sun’ is considered as the living thing that has ability to goes down. We can define ‘sun’ from dictionary as the star that shines in the sky during the day
and gives the earth heat and light and it does not has feet to go down. Figuratively, the expression above means the sun sets and does not shine
brightly as if it goes down.
2. Ecclesiastes 1: 6 The wind goes toward the south, and turns around to the north. It turns
around continually as it goes, and the wind returns again to its courses.
The expression above is regarded as personification since the word ‘wind’ is considered as the living thing. In this case, the ‘wind’ is acted like a human or
animal that can go everywhere by using feet. But as we know it does not has feet. Literally, wind is air moving as a result of natural forces.
Figuratively, it means the wind blows everywhere in the earth continually.
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3. Ecclesiastes 1: 7 All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full. To the place where the
rivers flow, there they flow again. In this sentence, the word ‘river’ is acted as if it were a living thing. The ‘river’
is assigned with the ability of the animate thing that is running. Lexically, river is a large number natural stream of water and it does not have feet to run. So, the
expression above means the rivers are flowing from one sea to another.
4. Ecclesiastes 5: 2 Don’t be rash with your mouth, and don’t let your heart be hasty to utter
anything before God; for God is in heaven and you on earth. Therefore let your words be few.
In the expression above the word ‘mouth’ indicates a personification since the word ‘mouth’ is regarded as the living thing and has ability to walk fast. Mouth
is a part of our body which is used to speak and take in food. Figuratively, from this expression the author suggest us to be a careful man in our speaking and
thinking. We have to think about what will we do in our life so that there will be no regret in our life.
5. Ecclesiastes 10: 17 Happy are you, land, when your king is the son of nobles, and your princes
eat in due season, for strength, and not for drunkenness In this sentence, the word ‘land’ indicates a personification since it is regarded
as the living thing that has ability to feel happy. Literally, land is an area of ground of the earth and the land has no feeling to feel happy.
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Figuratively, the expression above means every people have to be happy when they are lead by a wise leader.
6. Ecclesiastes 10: 20 Don’t curse the king, no, not in your thoughts; and don’t curse the rich in
your bedroom: for a bird of the sky may carry your voice, that which has wings may tell the matter.
In this sentence we can find a personification that is a bird is described has ability to speak like a man. Logically, it is impossible because bird is an animal
and can not speak. Figuratively, this expression means to suggest us to be careful for what would
you say and never gossip about another because anyone can convey what we are talking to other people. In addition, Salomon as the author suggests us to be a
wise person since a wise person does not say something in private about someone to another.
4.1.5 Irony 1. Ecclesiastes 2: 2
