Below is an example of expression taken from Ecclesiastes that contains figurative expression:
1. Do not be quick with your mouth; do not be hasty in your heart to utter anything before God
The example shows ‘mouth’ and ‘hearth’ looks like can walk as a human being by using word ‘quick’ and ‘hasty’. The expression above means that we have to be
careful in doing everything. The reason in choosing data from the Ecclesiastes because it is interested
and the writer want to know the interpretation of meaning between the literal and
non-literal contained in Ecclesiastes so that can be applied in the life .
1.2 Problems of the Analysis
The problems of the Analysis of this thesis are: 1. How many types of figurative expressions are there in the Holy Bible:
Ecclesiastes? 2. What types of figurative expression that can be found in the Holy
Bible especially in Ecclesiastes? 3. Which one of the types of figurative expression in Ecclesiastes is
dominant? 4. Why such type of figurative expression becomes dominant?
1.3 Objectives of the Analysis
Related to the problems of the analysis, the objective of this analysis are:
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1. To find out the numbers of figurative expression type in the Holy Bible especially in Ecclesiastes
2 To find out the dominant type of figurative expression in Ecclesiastes 3. To find out the reasons why such type of figurative expressions
become dominant.
1.4 Scope of the Analysis
There are tremendous things to be discussed deal with the semantic analysis but in this thesis the writer just focuses on the used of the figurative
expression in Ecclesiastes which is consisted of 12 chapters. There are figurative various figurative expression that can be found in literally works, but in this
thesis the scope of the analysis is the sentences which have figurative expression in Ecclesiastes. And the types of figurative expression which will be analyzed in
this thesis are only, metaphor, hyperbole, simile, personification, synechdoche, oxymoron, and irony.
1.5 Significance of the Analysis
Theoretically, this thesis can be usefull to enlarge the knowledge of the writer to interprete the text for understanding the real meaning in the Holy Bible.
Practically, this thesis expected can be a sugesstion for the students who want to take the figurative expression as the object of their analysis.
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1.6 Review of Related Literature
Palmer 1976 says that semantics is the study of meaning in language. Therefore if someone wants to discuss the figurative expression, it means that she
or he can not be escaped from the semantics, because it is impossible for someone to talk about figurative expression without knowing semantics. So, figurative
expression always relates to semantics. Katz 1972:1 says “Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. It is
concerned with what sentence and other linguistics object express, not with the arrangement with their syntactic parts or with their pronounciation.” The other
word is when we discuss about the meaning of a word or sentence be expressed through a language such as figurative expression we will not be released in a
discussion of linguistics and semantics. It means that generally the basic principle of semantics is about the meaning.
Wren 1981: 488 states “Figurative expression is a departure from the ordinary form of expression or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a
greater effect.” It means that figurative expression is an expression that can be substituted by the variations of points which successfully to imply an intended
meaning by giving an effect greatly different from what it literally. Keraf 2006:136 said that initially the figurative language was
established by comparison or equation. That compares something else and tries to show the similarities between the two and the most popular type of figurative
expression which often used by people is metaphor. But he also explains the other common types of figurative expression which found in some text such as
hyperbole, irony, personification, synecdoche, metonymy, and simile.
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Beside the semantics theory on this analysis, the writer also read some thesis that also related to this topic and they are :
Ramadhan 2008 in her thesis “The Analysis of Non-Literal meaning in Jascha Richter’s Lyrics in Michael Learns to Rock’s songs”. The writer conclude that
there are 50 cases of figurative expressions found in Jascha Richer’s Lyrics in Michael Learns to Rock’s Songs. They are 14 cases of metaphor, 6 cases of
simile, 6 cases of personification, 6 cases of euphemism, 1 case of irony and 17 cases of hyperbole.
Lisbet Pakpahan 2005. An Analysis of Figurative Meaning in Scorpion’s Song Lyrics. In her thesis, she analyzed figurative meaning that exist in the lyrics o
Scorpion’s songs. She concludes that there are 77 cases of figurative meaning found in 10 songs of Scorpion’s and the most dominant one is hyperbole with
total case 26 cases and followed by synecdoche 6 cases, metaphor 17 cases, simile 3 cases, euphemism 3 cases and metonymy 2 cases.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
