Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Love and Belongingness Needs, and the highest Self-Actualization Needs.
a. The First Level : Physiological Needs of Main Character
In The Alchemist, Santiago was a rebellious person, who came from the farmer family. His parents wanted him to become a priest, but he
wanted to travel an entire world. And he decided to become a shepherd. In his family he gets a lot of education, he ever attended a seminary until he was
sixteen. He also had studied Latin, Spanish and theology. But ever since he had been a child, he had wanted to know the world. In his travel being shepherds he
gets some education from the place that he ever been stayed. By his sheep he gets it too. He gets some trouble toward his dream to get the treasure and the
girl that he ever dreamed of. He gets some problem to fulfill his physiological needs.
It can be seen from how the main character fulfills physiological needs such as: hunger, drink, and sleep which reflected in The Alchemist. In
the novel, Santiago get meal from the market that he met as a shepherds to satisfy his hunger.
.... He went to a market for something to eat, he traded his book for one that was thicker, and he found a bench in the plaza where he could sample
the new wine he had bought. Coelho 1997, 17
In the journey to his treasure he got some trouble to get some drink. It cause in that area drinking wine is forbid. He decided to try tea in that
bar. But the taste is too bitter for him. Fortunately he still has some wine that he brings in his bag. The owner of the bar approached him, and the boy
pointed to drink that had been served at the next table. It turned out to be a bitter tea. The boy preferred wine. Coelho 1997, 36
Santiago’s gold has been robbed by the robber. He thinks how to fulfill his physiological needs with an empty pocket. He try to searching a job,
fortunately he never neglect the sign that he ever get. “I can clean up those glasses in the window, if you want,” said the boy.
“The way they look now, nobody is going to want to buy them.” The man looked at him without responding
“In exchange, you could give me something to eat.” Coelho 1997, 47
To fulfill his physiological needs, Santiago, when he was a shepherd, he always sleeps with his sheep. To keep the sheep saved. Santiago
can fulfill the needs, wherever he wants. He decided to spend the night there. He saw to it that all the sheep entered
through the ruined gate, and then laid some planks across it to prevent the flock from wandering away during the night. Coelho 1997, 5
Santiago decided to sleep with his sheep in an abandoned church. No matter it is he always can fulfill his needs to sleep.
Sometimes Santiago does not want to fulfill is needs, such as when in the oasis Santiago felt very sleepy, he wanted to still awake. He wants to
fulfill his curiosity to know the sign that desert give to him. He felt sleepy, in his heart he wanted remain to awake, but he also wanted
to sleep. “I am learning the Language of the World, and everything in the world is beginning to make sense to me... even the flight of the hawks,” he
said to himself. Coelho 1997, 101
From the explanation above, it is clear that hunger, thirst, and sleep are easily fulfilled by Santiago. In this case, Santiago can fulfill the needs with
or without the barriers and obstacles. So he does not feel the lack in fulfilling the needs. Therefore, physiological needs of Santiago are fulfilled.
b. The Second Level : Safety Needs
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