Research Design METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

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CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

Chapter three discusses the method of investigation to achieve the goal of the research. This part consists of research design, roles of the researcher, object of the study, instruments of the study, procedure of data collection, and procedure of data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

The research method that I used in this final project was a qualitative research. Afriani2009 quotes some definitions of qualitative research stated by some linguists. A qualitative approach is a process of research and understanding based on methodologies that investigate a social phenomena and human problems. In this approach, the researcher makes a complex description, examines the words, the detail report from the respondents‘ view, and does the research in a natural situation Creswell, 1998:15. Bogdan and Taylor 1992:5 state that qualitative method is a research procedure that produces descriptive data which can be written or spoken from human‘s behaviour that the researcher investigates. According to the way a study is conducted, there are two kinds of research, action research and experimental research. Arikunto, 2006:2-3. Because the purpose of this research was to improve the teaching learning process, so I decided to use action research as my research design. Arikunto 2006:2 also claims that action research is a kind of research done by someone who conducts the research on what he is really doing without changing its system. Lewin 2004, then, develops action research into four major parts. They are: 5 Planning Planning was the first step of the research procedure. This activity covered the problem identification. As the characteristic of action research, the purpose of planning was to find out the solution of the problem and to improve students‘ learning behaviours. 6 Acting After recognizing the possible cause of the problems faced by the students of SMPN 2 Kendal, there was lack of motivation in following the speaking class particularly in retelling a story, the action was decided in advanced. The action was aimed to solve the problems. 7 Observing Observing was an activity of observing the data collected in order to know to what extent, the action activities have reached the objectives of the study. In this step, I identified and analyzed the data collected. The data collected in this study were qualitative data in form of descriptive data and quantitative data in form of students‘ score. These data were collected during the process of teaching learning process. 8 Reflecting Reflecting was the activity of evaluating critically about the progress of change of the subject of the study. In this step, I could observed whether the activity has resulted any progress, what progress happens, and about the positives and negatives. In short, action research was characterized by those constraints and strength given a research methodology intended to be a workable technique for working classroom teachers. Elliot 1991:49 concluded that action research improves a teaching learning process by saying ―The fundamental aim of action research is to improve practice rather than knowledge‖.

3.2 Roles of the Researcher