A study conducted by Sofiatun 2008 is ―Retelling Story as a Technique to Improve Student‘s Ability in Speaking English A Case of Second-Year Students
of SMK 7 Semarang. She suggested that the implementation of retelling a story as a t
echnique to improve students‘ speaking ability has proved it to be successful; it was supported by the results of the post-test which was higher than the pre-test.
She also stated that retelling story could determine whether the students knew the idea, can make inferences, identify concepts, generalize concepts, and connect to
the text. Ridwan 2009 in his final project entitled ―Using a Flash Animation as an
Alternative Medium for Teaching Students Write Narrative Texts An Experiment on the Tenth Year Students of SMA N 10 Semarang in the Academic Year of
20082009‖ stated that flash animation could be used as an alternative media for teaching writing narrative text.
The previous studies above use various media to improve students‘ ability in retelling a story. One of them uses a flash animation to teach students write a
narrative story. The three researchers above conduct their researches as an experimental research. Therefore, it motivates me to conduct an action research
using a flash animation to imp rove students‘ learning behaviour in speaking class
particularly in retelling a story. I concerned on the students‘ behaviour changes.
2.2 Review of Theoretical Studies
2.2.1 General Concept of Speaking
Some experts define the term speaking. Fulcher 2003:23 states ―speaking is the
verbal language to communicate with others. Its function is to convey message
which lies in the structure and meaning of all languages, whether this is written or spoken‖. Speaking is the production skills that consist of producing systematic
verbal utterances to convey meaning Balley, 2005:7.
Speaking is a skill that derives attention every bit as much as literary skill in both first and second language Bygate, 1987: vii
Speaking is the utterance of intelligible speech that delivers to the public directly and speaking is expressive or telling something eloquent to public
Farlex, your dictionary.com and swafgroup.com Based on the terms of speaking above, speaking is one of the skills that
used to deliver our ideas, opinions , thoughts also showing the author‘s feeling to
the public in a particular language.
2.2.2 Basic Types of Speaking
According to Brown theory 2004: 141 there are five basic types of speaking, as follows:
1 Imitative
At one end of a continuum of types of speaking performance is the ability to simply parrot back imitate a word or phrase or possibly a sentence.
2 Intensive
The production of short stretches of oral language designed to demonstrate competence in a narrow band of grammatical, phrasal, lexical, or
phonological relationships such as prosodic elements - intonation, stress, rhythm, juncture.
3 Responsive
The tasks include interaction and test comprehension but at the limited level of short conversations, standard greetings, small talk, requests, and
comments. 4
Interactive The difference between responsive and interactive speaking is in the length
and complexity of the interaction, which sometimes includes multiple exchanges andor multiple participants.
5 Extensive monologue
Extensive oral production tasks include speeches, oral presentations, and storytelling, during which the opportunity for oral interaction from listeners is
either highly limited perhaps to nonverbal responses or ruled out altogether.
2.2.3 Teaching Speaking
