Chapter III contains Research Method. This third chapter consist of Research Design, Unit of Analysis, Source of Data, Technique of data Collection and Technique of
Data Analysis. Chapter IV presents the Speech Functions Analysis and the Interpersonal Roles of
the conversation between Alex Hitches and Sara Mendes Chapter V consists of Conclusions and Suggestions of the Study.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In text, there are three kinds of meaning. They are ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning. The data were analyzed to find out the interpersonal
meanings realized in the clauses. The researcher put the conversation as data. According to the purpose of this research, that is to find out types of speech function
analysis, which are used in “Hitch” film dialogue, the researcher will show the theory of Speech Functions, Speech Functions in Systemic Functional Linguistics.
Basically, conversation is a process of changes two variables; they are speech role and commodity
exchange. The combination between them is called speech function
.
Systemic Functional Linguistics views language as a resource for making meaning. In text, there are three kinds
of meaning. They are ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning. Interpersonal meaning is reflecting the function of language as a means whereby the
speaker participates in the speech situation, Matthisen 1995: 687
.
The data were analyzed to find out the interpersonal meanings realized in the utterance. The researcher put the
conversation as data.
2.1. Utterances
In linguistics
, utterance is a unit of speech
. In phonetic
terms, a stretch of spoken language
that is preceded by silence and followed by silence or a change of speaker
. Phonemes
, morphemes
, and words
are all considered segments of the stream of speech sounds that constitute an utterance.
An utterance is spoken language unit used by speakers in a dialogue or conversation to communicate each other. Utterance refer to complete
communicative units,
which may consist of single words
, phrases
, clauses
and clause combinations spoken in context, in contrast to the term sentence, which we reserve for units consisting of at least
one main clause
and any accompanying subordinate clauses
, and marked by punctuation
capital letters and full stops in writing.An utterance is very related to aspects of communication process. Schiffrin 1994: 386 says that in communication, people use
utterances to convey information and to lead each other toward an interpretation of meanings and intentions.
2.2. Casual Conversation
Conversation can be: a.Transactional pragmatic: we talk to others to facilitate the exchange of goods
and services buying things, getting information, etc. b.Phatic: we talk to people to maintain or create friendships.
Conversation for phatic reasons is called ‘casual conversation’. It is usually not directed at any purpose other than to pass the time, or to make or strengthen friendships.
Casual conversation is a conversation which expressed by speakers in informal situation; such as in family and friend relationship, classroom, party, etc. In a casual conversation,
both participants assume a shared awareness of the language system, a shared awareness of what has been said before, and a shared awareness of cultural events.
