Background of The Study
oral and written communication. Without language, people in community cannot cooperate in their activity”. Language allows human to say things to each other and express their
communication needs. In other word, it is said that the main function of language is as a communication
device and interaction instrument for all human. Besides that, language also plays important role in human life because it is one of the ways that is used by human to
communicate or interact each other to share ideas, thought, information, news, etc. by the media.
There are two forms of communication. It is written and spoken media. Written media consist of novel, drama, magazine, short story and newspaper. And the spoken
media include; debate, dialogue, conversation, interview. Language can form as a dialogue that becomes a very important matter in communicating and interacting with others. A
dialogue can take place in one place, and there must be a contact between two participants; those are speaker S and hearer H.
A speaker, in uttering of dialogue, select a speech role for her or himself and simultaneously and thereby, allocates a speech role to hearer or listener. If a speaker gives
some information, he or she is inherently inviting to receive that information. Those both sides are important factor in Speech situation factors in speech situation.
According to Eggins 1994: 199, the general function of dialogue is as follows: Dialogue is the means language gives us for expressing interpersonal meanings
about roles and attitudes. Being able to take part in dialogue, then, means being able to negotiate the exchange of interpersonal meanings, being able to realize
social relationships with other language users.
Based on this statement, dialogue has a function to inform the interpersonal meanings of language. Halliday 1994:68 says that:
Whenever we use language to interact, one of the things we are doing with it is establishing a relationship between us: between speaking now and the person who
will probably speak next. To establish the relationship we take turn at speaking we take on different speech roles in exchange. The basic speech roles we can take on
are giving, demanding information, good and services.
Talking about dialogue is related with speech functions. Halliday 1984:11 suggest that dialogue is “a process of exchange” involving two variables:
1. A commodity to be exchanged: either information or good and service.
2. Roles associated with exchange relations: either giving or demanding.
Halliday 1994: 69, states that “there are four primary forms of movement types
of speech functions; those are offer, statement, command, and question. Every moment in dialogue must be one of speech functions and each speech function involves both speech
role and commodity choice”. When the clause is about the exchanging of information such
as stating, confirming, and denying, contradicting, inquiring, it functions is a proposition. If it gives information, it has the speech function of question. When the clause is about the
exchange of goods and services, it has the speech function, offer. If it is demanding good and services, it has the speech function, command.
In this study the researcher has chosen the topic the Speech Function Analysis of the Conversation in
“Hitch” Movie because this movie is a good movie and the story in the movie has a lot of variation about speech function by conversation between the main
characters.
According to thesis entitled “Kenny the Shark, I Love the Nightlife? “, movie can be a medium for students to create their own style of learning because the dialogue is used
in daily conversation. The actors and actresses in the films use various function of moves to make their conversation naturally. So, it is good for students to learn those functions of
move by observing a good model. Based on the statement above, the
researcher takes the title “Speech Function in Utterances Used by Alex Hitches and Sara Mendes in Hitch Movie.