35 collected through interview with the students were used to find out how Edmodo
engaged the students. The qualitative data served as the validation and were to provide deeper understanding on the engagement. The triangulation design
implemented in this study is described in the following figure:
Figure 3.1 Triangulation Model: Convergence Design Creswell Plano Clark, 2011:63
As seen in Figure 3.1. there are five steps implemented in this research. The first was quantitative and qualitative data collection. The quantitative data
was obtained through a survey to the entire population in order to “describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population” Creswell,
2012. In the same time, interview was also conducted in order to collect the qualitative data. Then, both of the data were then analyzed separately. In the third
step, the results and findings of quantitative and qualitative data were compared and contrasted. During this process, the qualitative findings were also used to
validate, confirm, and corroborate the quantitative results Creswell Plano Clark, 2011:65. The comparison of the data was used to produce the
interpretation that would help the understanding on how Edmodo worked in relation to supporting student engagement. This is in line with the results of a
triangulation mixed-method research design which would produce valid and well- PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36 substantiated conclusions about a single phenomenon Creswell Plano Clark,
2011:65.
B. Research Setting and Participants
The research was conducted at SMA 1 Kasihan, Bantul on the second semester of academic year 20142015. This research involved 5 classes or 148
students as the research participants to collect the quantitative data and involved 5 students one per each class to obtain the qualitative data. All of the participants
were third grade students from science class. They were chosen since the English subject in their classes employed Edmodo as part of their learning process.
During three months, the students intensively used Edmodo asynchronously in which time and places of the teaching-learning process took
place differently. The teacher played role as the first source of materials and follow up activities to be completed individually by the students. For the materials
which were mostly reading, writing, and grammar were developed according to the topic and learning objectives intended for students’ preparation for the
national exam. All materials, including the assessments, were available online and allowed the students to find out learning materials through independent learning
or group. However, the materials were accessible only during the redular scheduled English class. Nevertheless, students were encouraged to be engaged in
online and offline discussion at any convenient time in order to accomplish the tasks. The online activities, therefore, mainly consisted of content sharing, online
discussion, teacher-student conversation, and task submission. Meanwhile, the offline activities were mostly independent work and group discussion.
37
C. Data Gathering Technique
As aforementioned, in order to answer the research questions, this research employed two methods of data collection that were quantitative and qualitative
method. The main data were collected quantitatively through a questionnaire which was used to answer the first question. The secondary data was collected
qualitatively through an interview which was used to answer the second research question.
1. Questionnaire Questionnaire is “an instrument for collecting survey information,
providing structured, often numerical data…and often being comparatively straightforward to analyze” Wilson and McLean, 1994 in Cohen et al.,
2007:317. The statements given in the questionnaire were constructed in relation to finding out what type of student engagement that is mostly supported in a
classroom which learning process was supported by technology, specifically Edmodo. All statements were developed based on Fredrick’s notions on student
engagement and were adjusted from the National Survey of Student Engagement NSSE. There were 21 statements provided in the questionnaire which were
distributed to 148 respondents. The statements in the questionnaire were written in Bahasa Indonesia in order to avoid misunderstanding and to ease the respondents
in filling the questionnaire. The scale value of the questionnaire was based on Likert-scale which underwent adjustment so that it consisted only four scales with
different values as described in the following table: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
38
Table 3.1. The Conversion of Questionnaire Scale Value No. Responses
Scale Value
1. Strongly Agree
4 2.
Agree 3
3. Disagree
2 4.
Strongly Disagree 1
Most Likert-scale values comprise 5 responses that are “Strongly Agree”, “Agree”, “Undecided”, “Disagree” and “Strongly Disagree”. Yet, this research
only provided 4 responses in the questionnaire by omitting “Undecided” in order to avoid the tendency of the participants to mostly answer this category.
In order to check the clarity of the questionnaire, it was piloted for three times to one of the target classes. After the final revision, the questionnaire was
then distributed to the all five classes. Below is the categorization of the statements in the questionnaire:
Table 3.2. Categorization of the Statements in the Questionnaire
Statement Item
No. Types of
Engagement
I always come to English class whenever or not Edmodo is used.
1 Behavior
engagement I always submit any tasks on time whenever
Edmodo is used both inside and outside the classroom.
2
I try hard to accomplish my assignment whenever Edmod is used both inside and outside the
classroom. 3
I can concentrate better when I am learning English with Edmodo both inside and outside the
classroom. 4
I do the assignments given by my teachers when Edmodo is used both inside and outside the
classroom. 5
I ask the teacher or other friends to get more information when Edmodo is used both inside and
outside the classroom. 6
Emotional engagement
I involve myself in the discussion more when Edmodo is used both inside and outside the
7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
