Immature level defense mechanisms often alter distress engendered by
threat. Although it will take some times before the user is able to heal their problem, the change caused by using this mechanisms is really significant, they
will have a lot of improvement in relationships with other people . The mechanisms of this level are: Valiant, 1992:244-245.
i. Projection A
ttributing one’s unacknowledged feeling toward others, this mechanism involves sharing what is hidden inside the user’s mind to other people.
ii. Schizoid fantasy Tendency to use fantasy to escape from the problem, the user fantasize
about something which is able to ease up their stress iv. Passive-aggressive behavior
Aggression toward others caused by passivity, the user annoy other people around them by suddenly acting passively
v. Acting out Direct expression of unconscious wish or impulses, the users express their
hidden actual feeling to other people consciously or unconsciously. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
c. Neurotic Defense Mechanisms
Neurotic level defense mechanisms alter private feelings or instinctual expression. To the beholder they appear as individual quirks or neurotic hang-ups.
They often can be dramatically changed by conventional, brief psychotherapeutic interpretation. The mechanisms of this level are: Valiant, 1986: 786-794.
i. Repression T
he mechanism which involves withholding one’s feeling in their mind, the user usually tried to hold their true feeling inside their mind in order to hide it
from other people. ii. Withdrawal
Removing oneself from the reality, the user of this mechanism prefer to cut their ties to other people or the community around them to avoid painful strike
to their mind iv. Isolation
The mechanism in which the user cut the ties between their emotion with reality. The users of this mechanism tend to face certain annoyance without
involving their natural emotion. v. Displacement
Shifting aggressive impulses to, or acceptable target PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
vi. Undoing Attempting to undo threatening thought, the user of this mechanism try to
repent their threatening behavior by doing the opposite of said behavior.
d. Mature Level Defense Mechanism
Mature level defense mechanisms are commonly found among
emotionally healthy adults and are considered mature, even though many have their origins in an immature stage of development. They have been adapted
through the years in order to optimize success in human society and relationships. The use of these defenses enhances pleasure and feelings of control. These
defenses help to integrate conflicting emotions and thoughts, whilst still remaining effective. Those who use these mechanisms are usually considered virtuous
Valiant, 1992: 239-246. The mechanisms of this level are:
i. Altruisms Instinctually gratifying service to others, the user of this mechanism try to
make their mind feel better by making other people satisfied with what the user do to them.
