18 It is stated as the desire for connection with others Holtgraves, 2002. It means
that every individual has their own wants and desires and they want their wants and desires to be accepted and appreciated by others.
d. Face Threatening Act FTA in Politeness
According to Brown and Levinson 1987, FTA is defined as the act which may threaten or run contrary to the face wants of the addressee andor the speaker.
The acts that may threaten or violate someone‟s face can be done by verbal or
non-verbal communication. FTA can threaten or violate negative or positive face. As the example is request may threaten the hearer‟s negative face because they
restrict autonomy. Besides, disagreement can threaten the hearer‟s positive face because they may minimize the solidarity between the speaker and the hearer.
e. Politeness Strategies
Brown and Levinson 1987 state that politeness strategies are kinds of strategies which formulate an expression which is less threatening for the hearer‟s
face in order to save their face p. 91. People may use politeness strategies to arrange the statement or utterances in order to show an awareness of the face
when face threatening acts FTA is likely to happen. There are four strategies of politeness based on Brown and Levinson 1987 which are classified as follows.
1 Bald on record
According to Brown and Levinson 1987, bald on record is used whenever the speaker wants to threaten hearer‟s face, by doing the FTA, in a maximum
efficiency more than he o r she wants to save hearer‟s face p. 95. Hence, bald on
19 record is said as the least polite strategy Holtgraves, 2002. Actually, it is also
stated as the complete absence of politeness. By doing this strategy, it means that the speaker may do the acts in the
most direct, clear and concise way. The maximum efficiency is very important in this strategy. It can be shown in the examples which show the urgency as in
“Help” and “Look, the point is this …” When the speaker speaks as if maximum efficiency is important, he or she will provide metaphorical urgency as can be
seen in the second example. Bald on record can also be found in advice or warning as in, “Careful He’s a dangerous man.” The imperative sentence which
includes offer can also be bald on record as in, “Don’t bother, I’ll clean it up.”
This strategy can be used when the speaker and the hearer have close relationship so that politeness is not really a matter for both sides.
2 Positive politeness
Based on Brown and Levinson‟s 1987 theory, positive politeness is an action directed to the hearer‟s positive face, in which they want to be accepted and
appreciated p. 101. This strategy is used to indicate that the speaker wants to enclose his or her relationship with the hearer. Positive politen
ess‟ utterances can be used as a kind of metaphorical extension of intimacy for the purpose of
interaction, even with strangers. Therefore, the speaker may speak with an element of exaggeration to imply that he or she sincerely wants the hearer‟s
positive face to be enhanced. The use of positive politeness with exaggeration serving to mark the
intimacy can be seen in showing interest as in, “What a fantastic garden you PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
