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choice in order to minimize the face threats in their written messages sent to the lecturers.
5. Written communication
Communication is defined as the way in which the process of giving, receiving or exchanging messages is understood by both the speaker and also the
hearers. McQuail and Windahl 1993 also describe that communication can be any of „an action on others, an interaction with others and a reaction to others‟ p.
5. Communication itself can be held in two ways, namely spoken and written ways. In the written form, the messages are transformed using written symbols,
via words and sentences for instance. Hence, written communication can be defined as the way of giving, receiving or exchanging the written symbols which
happens between two people or more. Written communication may be held in the form of letters, faxes, emails, reports, memos and even advertisements. In this
research, written communication which will be used is in the form of text message and email.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two sections. The first section is theoretical
description which will enlighten the readers about any relevant theories of this research. The theories of speech acts, politeness and written communication will
be elaborated more in this section. The second section is theoretical framework. This section summarizes the major theories which will be the framework to solve
the research problems.
A. Theoretical Description
This section discusses three theories which are closely relevant to the study conducted in this research. The theories are about speech acts, politeness and
written communication. Since this study focuses on illocutionary acts, the theories of speech acts will be focused more on the theory of illocutionary acts. The
theories of politeness will also be presented as the other main focus of this research. In the theories of politeness, sociolinguistics is presented because
politeness is under the scope of sociolinguistics. Then, the theories about politeness as pragmatics study are also elaborated because this study focuses on
the utterances which are used based on the context. The theory of written communication will also be elaborated since this study focuses on the
illocutionary acts and politeness strategies shown in written messages. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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