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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents detailed discussion about the methodology employed in this research. The discussion consists of six subdivisions, namely research
method, research setting, research participant, research instrument and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
3.1 Research Method
This research employed a descriptive research. Through a descriptive research, the researcher described and interpreted the data. It was a non-
experimental research and the researcher had no role in controlling the variables or manipulating the data. Descriptive research is also called as qualitative
research. Best 1977 states that descriptive research involves the description, recording, analysis, or interpretations toward a particular condition that are
already occurred even though without any observation or analysis and that are related to the present condition p. 25. Larsen-Freeman and Long 1991
elaborate the definition of qualitative method as below: The prototypical qualitative methodology is an ethnographic study in which
the researchers do not set out to test hypotheses, but rather to observe what is present with their focus, and consequently the data, free to vary during the
course of the observation p. 11.
In order to answer the two problems stated in the first chapter, the researcher employed document analysis. Document analysis, sometimes known as, content
analysis deals with the systematic examination of current records or documents as
33 sources of data Best, 1977, p. 129. The use of documents was appropriate since
the documents employed in this research were factual data; that is the Micro Teaching students’ speech transcripts in their natural teaching.
3.2 Research Setting
This research selected Micro Teaching class students of the academic year 20102011 of English Language Education Study Program. It was conducted in
Sanata Dharma University. The process from permission up to collecting research samples, which were video recordings, was held at the end of April until the
middle of June in 2011. The research results analysis ended on April 2012.
3.3 Research Participants
The research respondents were sixth semester students of English Language Education Research Program of the academic year 2010 2011. It was not feasible
to conduct a research over the whole population of English Language Education research Program for the research because it is money, time, and energy wasted.
Therefore, the researcher took representatives by selecting members of 1 one Micro Teaching class from 7 seven Micro teaching classes in ELESP for the
research samples. A population is “the entire group that is of interest of the research”, however, “a sample is the subgroup taken from the population to
represent it” Brown, 1991, p. 114. This samples selection, according to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002, was referred to as cluster sampling because it “study
subjects in naturally occurring groups, or cluster” and “the unit chosen is not an individual but a group of individuals who are naturally together” p. 175. Using
34 this sampling, the researcher selected a group of people as the research samples
without having to access to list the respondent one by one to be the research samples. In this research, the researcher selected 19 respondents belonging to a
single Micro Teaching class to be the representatives of the whole population of Micro Teaching students of the academic year 20102011. It was expected that the
result of the samples could holistically represent accurately the picture or understanding of the population and the generalization based on the data obtained.
In addition, cluster sampling is a more convenient tool to save time and energy for the researcher to collect samples.
The background reason for the selection of the population was the fact that the respondents had conducted Micro Teaching. Through this Micro Teaching
experience, it was expected that they act as seemingly a native or near-native speaker before entering actual teaching practices in schools, known as Program
Pengalaman Lapangan PPL.
3.4 Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
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