Steps of the Research

45

3.4 Steps of the Research

In order to get a successful and well-ordered analysis, there are several steps of research that need to be conducted, they are: 1. Collecting the data from by reading both the source text and target text. 2. Identifying the data from the translated version of Percy Jackson The Olympians: The Titan’s Curse novelto find out which kind of semantic shift theyare. 3. Classifying the data from the translated version of Percy Jackson The Olympians: The Titan’s Curse novel based on the kind of semantic shifts they belong to. 4. Analyzing the finding data by using descriptive qualitative method. 5. Drawing conclusion. 46 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS In this chapter, the research is focused onclassifying and analyzing the collected data which are gathered from the translated version of Percy Jackson The Olympians: The Titan’s Curse novel based on the research method and the review of related literature, in order to find the kinds of semantic shifts as proposed by Nidaand Taber in their book The Theory and Practice of Translation 1969. 4.1 Data Analysis of the Translated Version of Percy Jackson The Olympians: The Titan’s Curse Novel By applying the technique of purposive sampling, the writer gathered 102 occurrences of semantic meaning shifts found in the translated version of Percy Jackson The Olympians: The Titan’s Curse where 61 data belong to shifts from generic meaning to specific meaning or vice versa and 41 data belong to shifts that occur due to cultural differences. 4.1.1Shifts from Generic Meaning to Specific Meaning or vice versa Here below are the lists of shifts from generic meaning to specific meaning or vice versa found in the translated version of Percy Jackson The Olympians: The Titan’s Curse novel. Table 3: Shift from Generic Meaning or vice versa foundin the Translated Version of Percy Jackson the Olympians: the Titan’s Curse Novel by Rick Riordan 47 No Source Language by Rick Riordan Target Language by Nuraini Mastura Kinds of Semantic Shift 1. She talks more when shes nervous pg. 1 Dia akan makin banyak mengoceh saat tegang pg. 1 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 2. I hope I wasn’t blushing pg. 1 Kuharap wajahku tak merona pg. 2 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 3. She looked a little hurt, and I was sorry about that pg. 2 Ibu tampak sedikit sakit hati, dan aku menyesalinya pg. 3 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 4. Black leather pants and chain jewelry, the black eyeliner and those intense blue eyes pg. 2 Celana kulit hitam dan perhiasan rantai, pensil mata hitam dan mata birunya yang menusuk pg. 3 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 5. The walls were lined with battle flags and weapon displays: antique rifles, battle axes, and a bunch of other stuff pg. 2 Pada dinding- dindingnya berjajar panji-panji perang dan panjangan senjata: senapan antik, kapak perang, dan masih banyak lagi senjata jenis lain pg. 4 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 6. One brown, one blue—like an alley cats pg. 3 Satu cokelat, satu biru—seperti kucing jalanan pg. 6 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 7. Maybe it was just my imagination, but I felt a gust of wind ripple out from her hand, across the room pg. 3 Mungkin itu hanya khayalanku saja, tapi aku merasa embusan angin terlontar keluar dari genggaman tangannya, menyebar ke sepenjuru ruangan pg. 6 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 8. Im so glad they made… the punch for the dance pg. 4 Saya begitu gembira mereka berhasil ... membuat sari buah untuk pesta dansa pg. 7 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 9. Grover hurried us to a door that had GYM written on the glass pg. 4 Grover membawa kami menuju pintu dengan tulisan GIM di kaca jendelanya pg. 8 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 10. Scouring schools Menjelajahi sekolah- Shift from generic meaning 48 from fourth grade through high school for possible recruits pg. 4 sekolah dari kelas empat SD sampai tingkat SMA untuk merekrut calon-calon pahlawan baru pg. 9 to specific meaning. 11. And guys were kicking them in each others faces pg. 5 Dan anak-anak laki- laki menyepak balon- balon itu ke muka satu sama lain pg. 10 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 12. Hanging out at the edges of the gym and trying to hide pg. 5 Menepi ke pinggir ruangan dan mencoba bersembunyi pg. 11 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 13. They used their hands a lot as they talked pg. 5 Mereka banyak menggunakan gerak tangan saat bicara pg. 11 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 14. She cocked her ear to the music and made a face pg. 6 Dia berusaha menyimak, mendengarkan musik dan membuat wajah masam. pg. 12 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 15. You can if Im leading, Thalia said. Come on, goat boy. pg. 6 “Bisa saja kalau aku yang memimpin,” kata Thalia. “Ayolah, bocah kambing.” pg. 14 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 16. At least his feet were fake. pg. 7 Setidaknya kakinya adalah palsu. pg. 16 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 17. I looked over to see how Thalia and Grover were doing things pg. 8 Aku memandangi untuk melihat bagaimana cara Thalia dan Grover berdansa. pg. 16 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 18. She said this the same way she might say Fields of Punishment or Hadess gym shorts. pg. 8 Dia mengatakan hal ini seolah sedang membicarakan tentang Padang Hukuman atau celana senam Hades. pg. 17 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 19. Annabeth rolled her eyes. pg. 8 Annabeth memutar bola matanya. pg. 17 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 20. He still looked human, but his face was ghoulish. pg. 10 Dia masih tampak seperti manusia, tapi wajahnya seperti siluman. pg. 21 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 21. It was as if someone Seolah-olah ada Shift from generic meaning 49 invisible were standing behind him, throwing knives. pg. 10 seseorang tak kasat mata yang berdiri di belakangnya, melemparkan sejumlah belati. pg. 21 to specific meaning. 22. All that it would take was a touch of my wrist-watch. pg. 11 Yang kubutuhkan hanya menyentuh jam tanganku pg. 22 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 23. The woods had opened up. pg. 12 Bentangan jalan hutan membuka.pg. 24 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 24. You will change your mind about joining us, my boy. pg. 13 Kau akan mengubah pikiran untuk bergabung dengan kami, Nak pg. 27 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 25. Within seconds, rope-thick weeds were wrapping around Dr. Thorns legs, entangling him. pg. 14 Dalam hitungan detik, rumput liar setebal tali melilit kaki Dr. Thorn, membelitnya. pg. 29 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 26. But my eyes mustve been playing tricks on me. pg. 16 Tapi mataku pasti menipu pandanganku. pg. 33 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 27. Permission to kill, my lady? pg. 16 Izin untuk membunuh, Yang Mulia? pg. 33 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 28. She pointed her finger at all of us in turn. pg. 18 Bianca menunjuk dengan jari telunjuknya ke arah kami semua bergiliran. pg. 38 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 29. Bianca glanced nervously at her brother, who was still staring in awe at Artemis. pg. 18 Bianca menatap gugup ke arah adiknya, yang masih memandang dengan terkesima pada Artemis. pg. 38 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 30. The one with the rams horns. I toldyou that was real. pg. 19 “Yang memiliki tanduk domba. Betul kan apa kubilang, itu nyata.” pg. 40 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 31. He kicked off his shoes and displayed his goat hooves. pg. 19 Dia menyepak sepatunya lepas dan memamerkan kaki kambingnya. pg. 40 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 50 32. Artemis considered the boy. pg. 20 Artemis mempertimbangkan anak itu. pg. 41 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 33. Apollo with his sun chariot. pg. 22 Apollo dengan kereta mataharinya. pg. 45 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 34. That boy in Colorado, Zoe said. pg. 24 “Laki-laki yang tinggal di Colorado itu,” sahut Zoë. pg. 48 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 35. Little sister Apollo called. pg. 29 “Adik kecil” panggil Apollo. pg. 60 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 36. You never write. pg. 29 Kau tak pernah kirim surat. pg. 60 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 37. The Ares kid had his hand on his sword… pg. 41 Tangan anak Ares itu memegang senjata… pg. 83 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 38. They need a thousand more swords by tomorrow. pg. 45 Mereka butuh ribuan senjata lagi untuk besok. pg. 89 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 39. There were captions like: health benefits: immortality and what it means for you and a boy-free tomorrow Ada tulisan seperti: jaminan kesehatan: keabadian dan manfaatnya buatmu dan masa depan bebas laki-laki pg. 100 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 40. There were captions like: health benefits: immortality and what it means for you and a boy-free tomorrow Ada tulisan seperti: jaminan kesehatan: keabadian dan manfaatnya buatmu dan masa depan bebas laki-laki pg. 100 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 41. Then it occurred to me: no one would be in the Big House. pg. 52 Kemudian sesuatu segera menyentakkan benakku: tak ada seorang pun yang berada di Rumah Besar. pg. 102 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 42. The sun slanted through the dirty attic window, lighting the dust motes dancing in the air. pg. 52 Sinar matahari membias melewati jendela loteng yang kotor, menerangi partikel-partikel debu yang menari di udara. Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 51 pg. 103 43. “You know the rules The creek is the boundary line.” pg. 54 “Kalian tahu peraturannya Sungai adalah garis batasan.” pg. 107 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 44. Zoe Nightshade, racing toward me like a cheetah, dodging campers with no trouble. pg. 57 Zoë Nightshade, berpacu ke arahku bak macan, mengelak dari para pekemah lain dengan lincahnya. pg. 111-112 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 45. …but hearing it from Thalia was not cool. pg. 58 …tapi mendengarnya dari mulut Thalia sangat menggangguku. pg. 113 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 46. I just sat there as Chiron concluded the council. pg. 66 Aku hanya duduk di sana selagi Chiron menyimpulkan keputusan pertemuan. pg. 130 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 47. Percy, Im so sorry Grover said, sitting next to me on the bunk. pg. 67 “Percy, maafkan aku” kata Grover, duduk di sebelahku di ranjang. pg. 130 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 48. I stood at the saltwater spring, rubbing Chirons coin in my hand and trying to figure out what to say to my mom. pg. 68 Aku berdiri di mata air laut, menggosok koin Chiron di telapak tanganku dan berusaha memikirkan apa yang akan kukatakan pada ibuku. pg. 133 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 49. Thats the problem with being Poseidons son,… pg. 72 Itulah masalah dari menjadi anak Poseidon,… 142 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 50. The boat started to tilt, stirring up the muck on the sea bottom and threatening to topple onto the cow serpent. pg. 75 Badan perahu mulai miring, mengangkat kotoran-kotoran tanah di dasar laut dan hampir jatuh menimpa badan si ular sapi. pg. 147-148 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 51. I couldnt help thinking about my dream, with Aku tak bisa berhenti memikirkan arti mimpiku, dengan Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 52 Annabeth crumpled and lifeless in Lukes arms. pg. 76 Annabeth terkulai seolah tanpa nyawa di tangan Luke. pg. 150 52. …his leopard-skin warm-up suit and black hair whipping around in the wind. pg. 81 …jaket hangat kulit- macannya dan rambut hitamnya melambai- lambai terterpa angin. pg. 159 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 53. I balled my fists. pg. 81 Kukepalkan tanganku. pg. 159 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 54. Grover pointed toward one of the big buildings lining the Mall. pg. 85 Grover menunjuk pada salah satu dari gedung- gedung besar yang menjajari kompleks museum. pg. 166 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 55. She took out a sash of silvery fabric, like the kind the Hunters wore. pg. 89 Dia mengeluarkan sebuah selendangsutra, seperti yang biasa dikenakan para Pemburu. pg. 175 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 56. Through the glass walls of the museum, I could see a group of men walking across the lawn. pg. 96 Melalui dinding kaca museum, aku bisa melihat segerombolan orang berjalanmelintasi halaman. pg. 191 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 57. I reached down and took the hairpin, and as I did, it grew longer and heavier in my hand… pg. 105 Aku mengulurkan tangan dan memungut jepit rambut itu, dan selagi aku mengambilnya, jepitan itu memanjang dan makin memberat dalam genggamanku… pg. 205 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 58. I go snowboarding with a pig. pg. 106 Aku pergi berseluncur dengan seekor babi. pg. 207 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 59. Grover collapsed next to his coffee, which steamed against the snow. pg. 109 Grover terjatuh di sebelah gelas kopinya, yang menguarkan uap di salju. pg. 214 Shift from generic meaning to specific meaning. 60. We made it to the edge of the town Kami berhasil tiba di ujung kota sebelum dua Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 53 before the first two skeleton warriors appeared. pg. 110 kerangka pertama muncul. pg. 214 61. I was notexpecting him to be wearing an old-fashioned aviators cap and goggles. pg. 162 Dia mencopot topi dan kacamatanya. pg. 313 Shift from specific meaning to generic meaning. 1. SL : She talks more when shes nervous pg. 1 TL : Dia akan makin banyak mengoceh saat tegang pg. 1 The word ‘she’ in English has specific meaning which refers to female single third pronoun but it is translated as ‘dia’ in Indonesian Language which has more generic meaning. The word ‘dia’ can be used either for female or male. Therefore, it clearly shows that the real meaning of ‘she’ is moved from specific meaning into generic one. 2. SL : I hope I wasn’t blushing pg. 1 TL : Kuharap wajahku tak merona pg. 2 The subject ‘I’ in the SL refers to the speaker as a person but in the TL it is translated as ‘wajahku’ which clearly has more specific meaning. The translator emphasizes the part of the speaker’s body which is his face wajah. It indicates that the actual meaning of ‘I’ is shifted from generic one into specific one. 3. SL : She looked a little hurt, and I was sorry about that pg. 2 TL : Ibu tampak sedikit sakit hati, dan aku menyesalinya pg. 3 The word ‘hurt’ in the SL which shares the same meaning with ‘terluka’ or ‘sakit’ in Indonesian Language has a generic meaning. It can refer to any kind of hurt. But in the TL, it is specifically translated as ‘sakit hati’. In this case, the 54 translator tries to emphasize that it is ‘the mother’s’ feeling that is hurt. Therefore, it can be concluded that the real meaning of ‘hurt’ is shifted from generic meaning into specific one. 4. SL : Black leather pants and chain jewelry, the black eyeliner and those intense blue eyes pg. 2 TL : Celana kulit hitam dan perhiasan rantai, pensil mata hitam dan mata birunya yang menusuk pg. 3 The word ‘pants’ in English Language shares the same meaning with ‘celana panjang’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, the translator translates it as ‘celana’. It indicates that the real meaning of ‘pants’ is shifted from the specific meaning into generic one. It is not specifically said what kind of ‘celana’ that the translator implies, whether it is ‘celana pendek’ or ‘celana panjang’. 5. SL : The walls were lined with battle flags and weapon displays: antique rifles, battle axes, and a bunch of other stuff pg. 2 TL : Pada dinding-dindingnya berjajar panji-panji perang dan panjangan senjata: senapan antik, kapak perang, dan masih banyak lagi senjata jenis lain pg. 4 The phrase ‘a bunch of other stuff’ has a generic meaning.The word ‘stuff’ itself can be referred to any kind of things. It actually does not belong to any specific thing. But the translator tries to be more specific by translating it as ‘senjata jenis lain’. It shows that the word ‘stuff’ which originally has generic meaning turns into something specific in the TL which is ‘senjata’. 6. SL : One brown, one blue—like an alley cats pg. 3 55 TL : Satu cokelat, satu biru—seperti kucing jalanan pg. 6 Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Inggris by John M. Echols defines the word ‘alley’ as ‘gang’, ‘lorong’, or ‘jalan kecil’ but in this case, it is translated as ‘jalanan’. It shows that, the meaning is moved from the specific meaning into generic meaning. The word ‘jalanan’ is much way more generic than ‘gang’, ‘lorong’, or ‘jalan kecil’ as all of those three words are parts of ‘jalanan’. 7. SL : Maybe it was just my imagination, but I felt a gust of wind ripple out from her hand, across the room pg. 3 TL : Mungkin itu hanya khayalanku saja, tapi aku merasa embusan angin terlontar keluar dari genggaman tangannya, menyebar ke sepenjuru ruangan pg. 6 The word ‘hand’ in the SL which means ‘tangan’ in Indonesian Language is translated as genggaman tangan by the translator. It shows that, the real meaning of ‘hand’ is moved from generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Genggaman tangan’ is much way more specific than ‘tangan’ as ‘genggaman tangan’ is a part of ‘tangan’. 8. SL : Im so glad they made… the punch for the dance pg. 4 TL : Saya begitu gembira mereka berhasil ... membuat sari buah untuk pesta dansa pg. 7 The word ‘punch’ is defined as ‘minuman campuran’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, it is translated as ‘sari buah’. ‘Sari buah’ is a kind or ‘minuman campuran’, therefore, the real meaning is changed from generic meaning into specific one. 56 9. SL : Grover hurried us to a door that had GYM written on the glass pg. 4 TL : Grover membawa kami menuju pintu dengan tulisan GIM di kaca jendelanya pg. 8 One of the meanings of ‘glass’ as found in the dictionary is ‘kaca’. In this case, the word ‘glass’ is specifically translated as ‘kaca jendela’. It points out that the meaning is shifted from generic meaning into specific meaning where ‘kaca jendela’ is a kind of ‘kaca’. 10. SL : Scouring schools from fourth grade through high school for possible recruits pg. 4 TL : Menjelajahi sekolah-sekolah dari kelas empat SD sampai tingkat SMA untuk merekrut calon-calon pahlawan baru pg. 9 The word ‘recruit’ that shares the same meaning as ‘rekrut’ in Indonesian Language, is translated as ‘calon-calon pahlawan baru.’ The word ‘recruits’ itself has a generic meaning where it can be used to point any kind of new beginner calon. But in this case, the translator emphasizes that the word ‘recruits’ is referred to ‘calon-calon pahlawan baru’. It shows that the meaning is shifted from generic meaning to specific one for it is specifically translated as ‘calon-calon pahlawan baru’. 11. SL : And guys were kicking them in each others faces pg. 5 TL : Dan anak-anak laki-laki menyepak balon-balon itu ke muka satu sama lain pg. 10 57 Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Inggris by John M. Echolsdefines ‘guy’ as ‘orang’. The word ‘orang’ itself has a generic meaning where it can be used to point out whether female or male in any kind of ages adults or children. But at this point, it is specifically translated as ‘anak-anak laki-laki’. The translator specifically says that ‘guy’ refers to children whose genders are male. It shows that the real meaning of ‘guy’ is moved from generic meaning to specific one. 12. SL : Hanging out at the edges of the gym and trying to hide pg. 5 TL : Menepi ke pinggir ruangan dan mencoba bersembunyi pg. 11 The word ‘gym’ as from the word ‘gymnasium’ is translated as ‘ruangan’ in the TL. The word ‘gym’ which refers to a room or hall with equipment for doing physical exercise is translated only as ‘ruangan’ which has no specific meaning of what it is used to. It clearly shows that there is shift from specific meaning into generic meaning. 13. SL : They used their hands a lot as they talked pg. 5 TL : Mereka banyak menggunakan gerak tangan saat bicara pg. 11 The word ‘hand’ in the SL which means ‘tangan’ in Indonesian Language is translated as gerak tangan by the translator. It shows that, it is moved from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Gerak tangan’ is much way more specific than ‘tangan’ as ‘gerak tangan’ is a part of ‘tangan’. 14. SL : She cocked her ear to the music and made a face pg. 6 TL : Dia berusaha menyimak, mendengarkan musik dan membuat wajah masam. pg. 12 58 The clause ‘made a face’ actually has a generic meaning. It doesn’t show what kind of expression that the face actually makes. But in the TL, it is translated as ‘membuat wajah masam’ which actually be more specific. The translator tells the reader that the person actually makes a ‘sour expression’. Therefore, the meaning is shifted from generic meaning into specific meaning. 15. SL : You can if Im leading, Thalia said. Come on, goat boy. pg. 6 TL : “Bisa saja kalau aku yang memimpin,” kata Thalia. “Ayolah, bocah kambing.” pg. 14 The word ‘boy’ shares the same meaning with ‘anak laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, the translator translates it as ‘bocah’ which actually has a more generic meaning. It has generic meaning in light of the fact that the word ‘bocah’ can actually be used to point out either female or male kid. It proves that the meaning is moved from specific meaning into generic meaning. 16. SL : At least his feet were fake. pg. 7 TL : Setidaknya kakinya adalah palsu. pg. 16 Simatupang in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan explains thatif we translate the word leg or foot into Indonesian language, then the most equivalent word of those two words is ‘kaki’. It shows that we move from a specific meaning into general one. In Indonesian language, the concept of leg and foot are expressed in a single word which has a general meaning ‘kaki’. 17. SL : I looked over to see how Thalia and Grover were doing things pg. 8 59 TL : Aku memandangi untuk melihat bagaimana cara Thalia dan Grover berdansa. pg. 16 The clause ‘doing things’ in the SL actually has a generic meaning for the word ‘things’ can be referred to any kind of things. In the TL, it is then translated to be more specific into ‘berdansa’. The translator emphasize than the ‘things’ that they actually do is ‘dancing’. It shows that the word ‘things’ which originally has generic meaning turns into something specific which is ‘berdansa’. 18. SL : She said this the same way she might say Fields of Punishment or Hadess gym shorts. pg. 8 TL : Dia mengatakan hal ini seolah sedang membicarakan tentang Padang Hukuman atau celana senam Hades. pg. 17 The word ‘shorts’ in English Language shares the same meaning with ‘celana pendek’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, the translator translates it as ‘celana’. It indicates that the real meaning of ‘shorts’ is shifted from the specific meaning into generic one. It is not specifically said what kind of ‘celana’ that the translator implies, whether it is ‘celana pendek’ or ‘celana panjang’. 19. SL : Annabeth rolled her eyes. pg. 8 TL : Annabeth memutar bola matanya. pg. 17 The word ‘eyes’ in the SL which means ‘mata’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘bola mata’ by the translator. It shows that, the real meaning is moved from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Bola mata’ is much way more specific than ‘mata’ as ‘bola mata’ is a part of ‘mata’. 20. SL : He still looked human, but his face was ghoulish. pg. 10 60 TL : Dia masih tampak seperti manusia, tapi wajahnya seperti siluman. pg. 21 Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Inggris by John M. Echols defines ‘ghoul’ as ‘perampok kubur’ which actually the same with what is defined byOxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary which is ‘an evil spirit that opens graves and eats the dead bodies in them. Therefore, it can be concluded that ‘ghoul’ deals with ghost and grave. But in this novel, the translator translates it as ‘siluman’ which actually has a more generic meaning. It is not said that the ‘siluman’ actually the one who steals and eats dead bodies. It shows that the actual meaning of ‘ghoul’ is moved from specific meaning into generic one. 21. SL : It was as if someone invisible were standing behind him, throwing knives. pg. 10 TL : Seolah-olah ada seseorang tak kasat mata yang berdiri di belakangnya, melemparkan sejumlah belati. pg. 21 The word ‘knife’ shares the same meaning with ‘pisau’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, it is translated as ‘belati’ which actually has a more specific meaning than ‘pisau’ for ‘belati’ is a kind of ‘pisau’. The word ‘belati’ is known as ‘broad-bladed knife’ in English Language. Therefore, it indicates that the actual meaning of ‘knife’ is moved from specific meaning into specific meaning. 22. SL : All that it would take was a touch of my wrist-watch. pg. 11 TL : Yang kubutuhkan hanya menyentuh jam tanganku pg. 22 The word ‘wrist’ in the SL which means ‘pergelangan tangan’ in Indonesian Language is translated as only tangan by the translator. It shows that, we move 61 from the specific meaning into generic meaning. ‘Tangan’ is much way more generic than ‘pergelangan tangan’ as ‘pergelangan tangan’ is a part of ‘tangan’. 23. SL : The woods had opened up. pg. 12 TL : Bentangan jalan hutan membuka.pg. 24 The word ‘woods’ shares the same meaning with ‘hutan’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, it is translated as ‘bentangan jalan hutan’ which actually has a more specific meaning than ‘hutan’ for ‘bentangan jalan hutan’ is a part of ‘hutan’ itself. Therefore, it indicates that the actual meaning of ‘hutan’ is moved from generic meaning into specific meaning. 24. SL : You will change your mind about joining us, my boy. pg. 13 TL : Kau akan mengubah pikiran untuk bergabung dengan kami, Nak pg. 27 The word ‘boy’ shares the same meaning with ‘anak laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, the translator translates it as ‘nak’ which actually has a more generic meaning. It has generic meaning due to the fact that the word ‘nak’ can actually be used to point out either female or male kid. It proves that the meaning is moved from specific meaning into generic meaning. 25. SL : Within seconds, rope-thick weeds were wrapping around Dr. Thorns legs, entangling him. pg. 14 TL : Dalam hitungan detik, rumput liar setebal tali melilit kaki Dr. Thorn, membelitnya. pg. 29 Simatupang in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan2000:79explainsthatif we translate the word leg or foot into Indonesian language, then the most equivalent 62 word of those two words is kaki. It shows that we move from a specific meaning into general one. In Indonesian language, the concept of leg and foot are expressed in a single word which has a general meaning kaki. 26. SL : But my eyes mustve been playing tricks on me. pg. 16 TL : Tapi mataku pasti menipu pandanganku. pg. 33 The pronoun ‘me’ in the SL refers to the speaker as a person but in the TL it is translated as ‘pandanganku’ which clearly has more specific meaning. The translator emphasizes the part the speaker’s body which is his view pandangan. Therefore, it can be concluded that the real meaning of ‘me’ is shifted from generic meaning into specific one. 27. SL : Permission to kill, my lady? pg. 16 TL : Izin untuk membunuh, Yang Mulia? pg. 33 The term ‘my lady’ specifically refers to an honored woman. It is translated as ‘yang mulia’ in the TL which has more generic meaning. ‘Yang mulia’ can be referred either for man or woman. In other words, the real meaning of ‘my lady’ is changed from specific one into generic one. 28. SL : She pointed her finger at all of us in turn. pg. 18 TL : Bianca menunjuk dengan jari telunjuknya ke arah kami semua bergiliran. pg. 38 The word ‘finger’ in the SL which means ‘jari’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘jari telunjuk’ by the translator. It shows that it is moved from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Jari telunjuk’ is much way more specific than ‘jari’ as ‘jari telunjuk’ is a part of ‘jari’. It is done to complete the 63 verb ‘point’ menunjuk for people use their index finger jari telunjuk to point menunjuk at something. 29. SL : Bianca glanced nervously at her brother, who was still staring in awe at Artemis. pg. 18 TL : Bianca menatap gugup ke arah adiknya, yang masih memandang dengan terkesima pada Artemis. pg. 38 The word ‘brother’ actually refers to ‘saudara laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. It has a specific meaning for it clearly refers to specific gender of sibling. But in this case, the translator translates it as ‘adik’ which is more generic due to the fact that the term ‘adik’ can be used to point out either female or male sibling. In other words, the real meaning ‘brother’ is changed from specific one into generic one. 30. SL : The one with the rams horns. I toldyou that was real. pg. 19 TL : “Yang memiliki tanduk domba. Betul kan apa kubilang, itu nyata.” pg. 40 The word ‘ram’ means ‘domba jantan’ in Indonesian Language. But the translator translates it only as ‘domba’ with no particular sex. It shows that the real meaning of ‘ram’ is moved from specific meaning into generic meaning. 31. SL : He kicked off his shoes and displayed his goat hooves. pg. 19 TL : Dia menyepak sepatunya lepas dan memamerkan kaki kambingnya. pg. 40 Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Inggris by John M. Echolsspecifically defines ‘hoof’ as ‘kuku binatang’ in Indonesian Language. But in this novel, the translation of 64 ‘hoof’ has a more generic meaning as it is translated as ‘kaki’. The word ‘kaki’ has a generic meaning than ‘kuku’ for ‘kuku’ is a part of ‘kaki’. Therefore, it clearly shows that the actual meaning of ‘hoof’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic meaning. 32. SL : Artemis considered the boy. pg. 20 TL : Artemis mempertimbangkan anak itu. pg. 41 The word ‘boy’ means ‘anak laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. But the translator translates it only as ‘anak’ with no particular sex. The word ‘anak’ can be used to point out either boy or girl. It shows that the actual meaning of ‘boy’ is moved from specific meaning into generic meaning. 33. SL : Apollo with his sun chariot. pg. 22 TL : Apollo dengan kereta mataharinya. pg. 45 The word ‘chariot’ in English Language means ‘kereta tempur’ in Indonesian Language. But in this case, the translator translates it only as ‘kereta’ which clearly shows that the meaning is shifted from specific one into generic one. There are many kinds of ‘kereta’ in this world and the translator does not specifically point out what kind of ‘kereta’ it actually is. 34. SL : That boy in Colorado, Zoe said. pg. 24 TL : “Laki-laki yang tinggal di Colorado itu,” sahut Zoë. pg. 48 The word ‘boy’ refers to ‘anak laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. At this part, it is translated as ‘laki-laki’. The word ‘laki-laki’ can be used to point out either a male adult or male young kid. Therefore, it clearly shows that the real meaning 65 of boy which is ‘anak laki-laki’ is shifted from specific one into generic one which in this case is represented as ‘laki-laki’ 35. SL : Little sister Apollo called. pg. 29 TL : “Adik kecil” panggil Apollo. pg. 60 The word ‘sister’ actually refers to ‘saudara perempuan’ in Indonesian Language. It has a specific meaning for it clearly refers to specific gender of sibling. But in this case, the translator translates it as ‘adik’ which is more generic due to the fact that the term ‘adik’ can be used to point out either female or male sibling. In other words, the actual meaning of ‘sister’ is changed from specific meaning into generic meaning. 36. SL : You never write. pg. 29 TL : Kau tak pernah kirim surat. pg. 60 The word ‘write’ in SL has a generic meaning. The sentence does not particularly show what the subject actually writes. But in the TL, the translator translates it as ‘kirim surat’ which is much way more specific than ‘write’ menulis. It means that the actual meaning of ‘write’ is changed from generic meaning into specific meaning. 37. SL : The Ares kid had his hand on his sword… pg. 41 TL : Tangan anak Ares itu memegang senjata… pg. 83 The word ‘sword’ in the SL which means ‘pedang’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘senjata’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the specific meaning into generic meaning. ‘Senjata’ is much way more generic than ‘pedang’ as ‘pedang’ is a kind of ‘senjata. 66 38. SL : They need a thousand more swords by tomorrow. pg. 45 TL : Mereka butuh ribuan senjata lagi untuk besok. pg. 89 The word ‘sword’ in the SL which means ‘pedang in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘senjata’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the specific meaning into generic meaning. ‘Senjata’ is much way more generic than ‘pedang’ as ‘pedang is a kind of ‘senjata. 39. SL : There were captions like: health benefits: immortality and what it means for you and a boy-free tomorrow TL : Ada tulisan seperti: jaminan kesehatan: keabadian dan manfaatnya buatmu dan masa depan bebas laki-laki pg. 100 The word ‘caption’ has a specific meaning where it is defined as ‘judul halaman’ or ‘tulisan dibawah karikatur atau gambar’. In this case, the translator translates it as ‘tulisan’ with no specific explanation of what kind of ‘tulisan’ it is or where it can be found. It indicates that the real meaning of ‘caption’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic one. 40. SL : There were captions like: health benefits: immortality and what it means for you and a boy-free tomorrow TL : Ada tulisan seperti: jaminan kesehatan: keabadian dan manfaatnya buatmu dan masa depan bebas laki-laki pg. 100 The word ‘boy’ refers to ‘anak laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. At this part, it is translated as ‘laki-laki’. The word ‘laki-laki’ can be used to point out either a male adult or male kid. Therefore, it clearly shows that the real meaning of boy 67 which is ‘anak laki-laki’ is shifted from specific one into generic one which in this case is represented as ‘laki-laki’ 41. SL : Then it occurred to me: no one would be in the Big House. pg. 52 TL : Kemudian sesuatu segera menyentakkan benakku: tak ada seorang pun yang berada di Rumah Besar. pg. 102 The pronoun ‘me’ in the SL refers to the speaker as a person but in the TL it is translated as ‘benakku’ which clearly has more specific meaning. The translator emphasizes the part the speaker’s body which is his mind benak. It shows that the real meaning of ‘me’ is changed from generic meaning into specific meaning. 42. SL : The sun slanted through the dirty attic window, lighting the dust motes dancing in the air. pg. 52 TL : Sinar matahari membias melewati jendela loteng yang kotor, menerangi partikel-partikel debu yang menari di udara. pg. 103 The word ‘sun’ in the SL which means ‘matahari’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘sinar matahari’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Sinar matahari’ is much way more specific than ‘matahari’ as ‘sinar matahari’ is a part of ‘matahari’. 43. SL : “You know the rules The creek is the boundary line.” pg. 54 TL : “Kalian tahu peraturannya Sungai adalah garis batasan.” pg. 107 68 The word ‘creek’ in the SL which means ‘anak sungai’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘sungai’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the specific meaning into generic meaning. ‘Anak sungai’ is much way more specific than ‘sungai’ as ‘anak sungai’ is a part of ‘sungai’. 44. SL : Zoe Nightshade, racing toward me like a cheetah, dodging campers with no trouble. pg. 57 TL : Zoë Nightshade, berpacu ke arahku bak macan, mengelak dari para pekemah lain dengan lincahnya. pg. 111-112 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘cheetah’ as a wild animal of the cat family with black spots in its body that can run fast. It is clearly different with ‘macan’. In English Language, ‘macan’ is called as ‘tiger’. Therefore, it clearly shows that the real meaning of ‘cheetah’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic one for ‘cheetah’ is a kind of ‘tiger’ macan. 45. SL : …but hearing it from Thalia was not cool. pg. 58 TL : …tapi mendengarnya dari mulut Thalia sangat menggangguku. pg. 113 The subject ‘Thalia’ in the SL refers to the speaker as a person but in the TL it is translated as ‘mulut Thalia’ which clearly has more specific meaning. The translator emphasizes the part the speaker’s body which is his mouth mulut. Therefore, it can be concluded that the meaning is shifted from generic meaning into specific one. 46. SL : I just sat there as Chiron concluded the council. pg. 66 69 TL : Aku hanya duduk di sana selagi Chiron menyimpulkan keputusan pertemuan. pg. 130 The word ‘council’ is defined as ‘dewan’ or ‘pertemuan’ in Indonesian Language.In this case, it is translated as ‘keputusan pertemuan’ which actually has a more specific meaning that its actual meaning as what can be found in dictionary. It shows that the meaning is shifted from generic meaning into specific meaning as the term ‘keputusan pertemuan’ is a part of ‘pertemuan’. 47. SL : Percy, Im so sorry Grover said, sitting next to me on the bunk. pg. 67 TL : “Percy, maafkan aku” kata Grover, duduk di sebelahku di ranjang. pg. 130 The word ‘bunk’ actually has a specific meaning as it shares the same meaning with ‘ranjang yang ditaruh bersusun’ or ‘bangku tidur’.Both of the meanings have specific meanings that show what kind of bed that bunk actually is. But in this case, the translator generally translates it as just ‘ranjang’ with no specific explanation of what kind of ‘ranjang’ it is. It indicates that the real meaning of ‘bunk’ is moved from specific meaning into generic one. 48. SL : I stood at the saltwater spring, rubbing Chirons coin in my hand and trying to figure out what to say to my mom. pg. 68 TL : Aku berdiri di mata air laut, menggosok koin Chiron di telapak tanganku dan berusaha memikirkan apa yang akan kukatakan pada ibuku. pg. 133 70 The word ‘hand’ in the SL which means ‘tangan’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘telapak tangan’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Telapak tangan’ is much way more specific than ‘tangan’ for ‘telapak tangan’ is a part of ‘tangan.’ 49. SL : Thats the problem with being Poseidons son,… pg. 72 TL : Itulah masalah dari menjadi anak Poseidon,… 142 The word ‘son’ means ‘anak laki-laki’ in Indonesian Language. But the translator translates it only as ‘anak’ with no particular sex. The word ‘anak’ can be used to point either boy or girl. It shows that the real meaning of ‘son’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic one. 50. SL : The boat started to tilt, stirring up the muck on the sea bottom and threatening to topple onto the cow serpent. pg. 75 TL : Badan perahu mulai miring, mengangkat kotoran-kotoran tanah di dasar laut dan hampir jatuh menimpa badan si ular sapi. pg. 147-148 The word ‘boat’ in the SL which means ‘perahu’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘badan perahu’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Badan perahu’ is much way more specific than ‘perahu’ for ‘badan perahu’ is a part of ‘perahu.’ 51. SL : I couldnt help thinking about my dream, with Annabeth crumpled and lifeless in Lukes arms. pg. 76 TL : Aku tak bisa berhenti memikirkan arti mimpiku, dengan Annabeth terkulai seolah tanpa nyawa di tangan Luke. pg. 150 71 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines the word ‘arm’ as either of the long parts that stick out from the top of the bodyand connect to the shoulders to the hands which is known as ‘lengan’ in Indonesian Language. It is translated as ‘tangan’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the specific meaning into generic one. ‘Lengan’ is much way more specific than ‘tangan’ for ‘lengan’ is a part of ‘tangan.’ 52. SL : …his leopard-skin warm-up suit and black hair whipping around in the wind. pg. 81 TL : …jaket hangat kulit- macannya dan rambut hitamnya melambai- lambai terterpa angin. pg. 159 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘leopard’ as a large animal of the cat family that has yellowish-brown fur with black spots. It is clearly different with ‘macan’. In English Language, ‘macan’ is called as ‘tiger’. Therefore, it clearly shows that the real meaning of ‘leopard’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic one for ‘leopard’ is a kind of ‘tiger’ macan. 53. SL : I balled my fists. pg. 81 TL : Kukepalkan tanganku. pg. 159 The word ‘fist’ shares the same meaning with ‘kepalan tangan’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, it is translated as ‘tangan’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the specific meaning into generic one. ‘Kepalan tangan’ is much way more specific than ‘tangan’ for ‘kepalan tangan’ is a part of ‘tangan.’ 72 54. SL : Grover pointed toward one of the big buildings lining the Mall. pg. 85 TL : Grover menunjuk pada salah satu dari gedung-gedung besar yang menjajari kompleks museum. pg. 166 The Mall is actually the name of the museum but the translator translates it only as ‘komplek museum’ which clearly shows that the meaning is shifted from specific one into generic one. 55. SL : She took out a sash of silvery fabric, like the kind the Hunters wore. pg. 89 TL : Dia mengeluarkan sebuah selendangsutra, seperti yang biasa dikenakan para Pemburu. pg. 175 The word ‘fabric’ shares the same meaning with ‘barang tenunan’ or ‘kain’ which actually has a generic meaning as in fact that there are many kinds of ‘barang tenunan’ or ‘kain’. But in this case, ‘fabric’ is specifically translated as ‘selendang’. Therefore, it clearly shows that the real meaning of ‘fabric’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic one for ‘selendang’ is a kind of ‘kain’. 56. SL : Through the glass walls of the museum, I could see a group of men walking across the lawn. pg. 96 TL : Melalui dinding kaca museum, aku bisa melihat segerombolan orang berjalanmelintasi halaman. pg. 191 The word ‘lawn’ is actually defined as ‘halaman rumput’ as explained in Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Inggris by John M. Echols. But, in the novel, translator 73 translates it as ‘halaman’ which actually has a more generic meaning for it is not specifically said what kind of ‘halaman’ it actually is, it can be made by stone, grass, etc. It shows that the actual meaning of ‘lawn’ is moved from specific meaning to generic one. 57. SL : I reached down and took the hairpin, and as I did, it grew longer and heavier in my hand… pg. 105 TL : Aku mengulurkan tangan dan memungut jepit rambut itu, dan selagi aku mengambilnya, jepitan itu memanjang dan makin memberat dalam genggamanku… pg. 205 The word ‘hand’ in the SL which means ‘tangan’ in Indonesian Language is translated as ‘genggaman’ by the translator. It shows that the meaning is shifted from the generic meaning into specific meaning. ‘Genggaman’ is much way more specific than ‘tangan’ for ‘genggaman’ is a part of ‘tangan.’ 58. SL : I go snowboarding with a pig. pg. 106 TL : Aku pergi berseluncur dengan seekor babi. pg. 207 Just like the name refers to, the word ‘snowboarding’ means ‘seluncur salju’ in Indonesian Language. But in this novel, the term ‘snowboarding’ is translated as just ‘berseluncur’. It shows that the meaning is shifted from specific one into generic one due to the fact that the translator does not mention where this process of ‘berseluncur’ takes place. It can be in the sea, or even snow while the real meaning of ‘snowboarding’ clearly indicates that it takes place in snowy area. Therefore, it can be concluded that the real meaning of ‘snowboarding’ is shifted from specific meaning into generic one. 74 59. SL : Grover collapsed next to his coffee, which steamed against the snow. pg. 109 TL : Grover terjatuh di sebelah gelas kopinya, yang menguarkan uap di salju. pg. 214 The word ‘coffee’ shares the same meaning with ‘kopi’ in Indonesian Language. In this case, the translator translates it specifically as ‘gelas kopi’. The translator emphasizes that the term ‘coffee’ in SL refers to its glass. Therefore, the meaning is moved from generic meaning into specific one. 60. SL : We made it to the edge of the town before the first two skeleton warriors appeared. pg. 110 TL : Kami berhasil tiba di ujung kota sebelum dua kerangka pertama muncul. pg. 214 The term ‘skeleton warriors’ derived from the word ‘skeleton’ and ‘warrior’. ‘Skeleton’means ‘kerangka’ whereas ‘warrior’ refers to ‘prajurit’, ‘pasukan’, or ‘serdadu’. Therefore, ‘skeleton warriors’ means ‘prajurit pasukan atau serdadu kerangka’ in Indonesian Language. But in this case, the term ‘skeleton warriors’ is generally translated as ‘kerangka’ with not specifiiation that the ‘skeleton’ that is being talked about is a ‘warrior’. In other word, the actual meaning of ‘skeleton warrior’ is shifted from ‘specific meaning into generic one. 61. SL : I was notexpecting him to be wearing an old-fashioned aviators cap and goggles. pg. 162 TL : Dia mencopot topi dan kacamatanya. pg. 313 75 The word ‘goggle’ is actually defined as ‘kacamata debu’ as explained in Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Inggris by John M. Echols. But, in the novel, translator translates it as ‘kacamata which actually has a more generic meaning for it is not specifically said what kind of ‘kacamata’ it actually is, it can be the one used to protect our eyes from sun, or the one used to read, and many more. It shows that the actual meaning of ‘goggle’ is moved from specific meaning to generic one. 4.1.2 Shifts that Occur Due to Cultural Differences Table 4: Shifts that Occur Due to Cultural Differences found inthe Translated Version of Percy Jackson the Olympians: the Titan’s Curse Novel by Rick Riordan No Source Language by Rick Riordan Target Language by Nuraini Mastura Kinds of Semantic Shift 1. He pronounced his J like in Jacques pg. 3 Dia mengucapkan huruf r-nya seperti setengah cadel setengah berkumur pg. 6 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 2. Girls moved around in football huddles, the way they always do, wearing lots of makeup and spaghetti-strap tops pg. 5 Anak-anak perempuan berjalan-jalan dalam satu kerumunan regu sepak bola, seperti yang biasa mereka lakukan, mengenakan banyak riasan wajah dan pakaian atasan bertali pg. 11 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 3. They both had dark silky hair and olive skin pg. 5 Mereka berdua memiliki rambut hitam lurus dan kulit kecokelatan pg. 11 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 4. About fifty feet away, lying on the gym floor, Sekitar lima belas meter dari tempatku Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 76 was a floppy green cap just like the one Bianca di Angelo had been wearing. pg. 9 berdiri, tergeletak di lantai gimnasium, adalah sebuah topi hijau berkelepai sama persis seperti yang tadi dikenakan Bianca di Angelo. pg. 18 5. The pen grew in my hands until I held a bronze Greek sword about three feet long with a leather-bound grip. pg. 9 Pena itu tumbuh membesar di tanganku sampai kugenggam pedang perunggu Yunani sepanjang satu meter dengan gagang bersampul-kulit. pg. 19 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 6. My coat and shirt were pinned to the wall by some kind of spike—a black dagger-like projectile about a foot long. pg. 10 Mantel dan kemejaku tertancap ke dinding oleh suatu tusukan— sebuah proyektil seperti belati hitam sekitar tiga puluh senti. pg. 20 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 7. The second thorn impaled itself in the stone wall, half an inch from her face. pg. 10 Duri kedua menancap ke tembok batu, hanya berjarak satu senti dari wajahnya. pg. 21 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 8. At least, I sensedthe sea was down there, hundreds of feet below. pg. 12 Setidaknya, aku merasakan adanya laut di bawah sana, ratusan meter di bawah. pg. 24 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 9. But then I looked down and saw something navy blue lying in the snow. pg. 21 Tapi lalu aku memandang ke bawah dan melihat sesuatu berwarna biru gelap tergeletak di atas salju. pg. 43 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 10. Hanging out with only middle school girls forever. pg. 26 Terus-terusan bergaul dengan hanya gadis - gadis a-be-ge seumur hidup. pg. 53 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

11. No. Too young. pg.

32 “Tidak. Terlalu kecil.” pg. 67 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 12. I mean, yeah, that was a Japanese compact. pg. Memang sih, itu adalah mobil sedan Jepang. Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 77 34 pg. 69 13. Now we were heading straight toward the Atlantic Ocean at a thousand miles an hour pg. 35 Sekarang kami melesat lurus menuju Laut Atlantik dengan kecepatan ribuan kilometer per jam. pg. 70 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 14. She just has to learn to— WHOA pg. 35 “Dia hanya perlu belajar untuk— ALAMAK” pg. 70 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

15. We were only a few hundred yards away

now. pg. 35 Kami sudah berjarak beberapa ratus meter sekarang. pg. 71 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

16. Tell her hello He beamed. Hello

to Annabeth pg. 45 “Sampaikan salam untuknya” Dia berbinar. “Salam buat Annabeth” pg. 90 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 17. The top boulder was twenty feet tall and really hard to climb. pg. 55 Puncak batunya setinggi enam meter dan sulit buat dipanjat. pg. 108 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

18. I was ten yards away

before Bianca managed to yell for help. pg. 56 Aku sudah beranjak sepuluh meter dari situ sebelum Bianca berhasil teriak meminta bantuan, pg. 111 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

19. Only a few more yards

to the creek and I had the game. pg. 56 Tinggal beberapameter lagi dari anak sungai dan aku akan memenangkan pertandingan. pg. 111 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

20. I was two feet from the

water when Zoe bolted across to her own side, slamming into me for good measure. pg. 57 Aku sudah setengah meter dari air saat Zoë melaju ke seberang memasuki wilayahnya, menabrakku untuk menahan lajuku. pg. 112 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 21. Shed ignored my question and walked half a mile to talk to Zoe. pg. 60 Dia mengabaikan pertanyaanku namun rela berjalan hampir satu kilometer untuk bicara pada Zoë. pg. 118 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 22. But this voice was Tapi suara ini lebih Shift that occurs due to 78 deeper and lower, like a bass guitar. pg. 70 dalam dan berat, seperti gitar bas. pg. 137 cultural differences. 23. Being on a flying horse, skimming over the waves at a hundred miles an hour with the wind in my hair and the sea spray in my face. pg. 74 Menaiki kuda terbang, meluncur di atas gulungan ombak pada kecepatan seratus enam puluh kilometer per jam dengan embusan angin menerpa rambutku dan buih laut menciprati wajahku. pg. 144 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 24. Id never tried to push it—to see if there was a limit to how deep I could dive. pg. 74 Aku tak pernah mencoba menekannya—untuk melihat apakah ada batasan seberapa jauh aku bisa menyelam. pg. 145 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 25. The answer I wanted to give was I dont care pg. 81 Jawaban yang ingin kuberikan adalah Masa bodoh pg. 160 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 26. I put on my cap of invisibility and walked over to the convenience store. pg. 83 Kukenakan topi tak kasat mataku dan berjalan memasuki toko. pg. 163 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

27. It sprang at me, one thousand pounds of

monster, and I had no choice but to turn and jump. pg. 93 Makhluk itu merangsek maju ke arahku, lima ratus kilo monster, dan aku tak punya pilihan kecuali untuk berpaling dan melompat. pg. 185 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 28. It made the mistake of roaring at me, and I got an ice-cream sandwich in its throat. pg. 95 Ia berbuat kesalahan dengan mengaum padaku, dan aku memasukkan roti es krim ke dalam kerongkongannya. pg. 189 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

29. And pastries, Grover

said dreamily. pg. 106 “Dan kue-kue,” ujar Grover penuh harapan. pg. 208 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 30. Below, the mountain Di bawah, gunung Shift that occurs due to 79 dropped away into a snow-filled gorge about seventy feet below. pg. 112 menukik curam ke lembah yang penuh salju sekitar dua puluh meteran ke bawah. pg. 222 cultural differences. 31. I have no idea how many miles we covered, but the mountains faded into the distance and were replaced by miles of flat, dry land. pg. 115 Aku sama sekali tak tahu berapa kilometer jauh perjalanan yang kami tempuh, tapi pegunungan mengabur di kejauhan dan digantikan oleh berkilo-kilometer dataran yang kering dan rata. pg. 226 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 32. The lights inside the taqueria suddenly blazed to life. pg. 120 Lampu-lampu di dalam kedai Meksiko itu tiba -tiba menyala. pg. 230 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 33. The girl Id just tried to slice in half yelped and dropped her Kleenex. pg. 140 Gadis yang tadi kucoba belah jadi dua memekik dan menjatuhkan tisunya. pg. 272 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 34. Then the skeletons turned around. Gotta go pg. 142 Kemudian para kerangka itu berbalik. “Dadaaah” pg. 275 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 35. They were weathered brown except for their toes, which shone like new pennies from all the times people had rubbed them for good luck. pg. 143 Tubuh mereka cokelat kusam kecuali untuk jari-jari mereka, yang berkilat seperti uang koin baru akibat dari sekian lamanya orang- orang menggosoknya untuk keberuntungan. pg. 278 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences.

36. Sheesh, cant statues

have a sense of humor? pg. 147 “Ampun deh, apa patung nggak boleh punya selera humor?” pg. 285 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 37. I smelled grapes and something more sour— wine. pg. 158 Aku menghirup aroma anggur dan sesuatu yang lebih masam— minuman memabukkan. pg. 305 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 80 38. You have no right to interfere, little hero. This is a family matter. pg. 173 ”Kau tak punya hak untuk turut campur, pahlawan ingusan. Ini adalah urusan keluarga.” pg. 332 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 39. I put on a few million extra pounds. pg. 174 Aku menambah beberapa juta kilo bobot ekstra. pg. 333 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 40. Each god and goddess was about fifteen feet tall. pg. 190 Setiap dewa dan dewi tingginya sekitar empat setengah meter. pg. 363 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 41. He held out his hand, and a trident appeared in it: a twenty foot long bronze shaft with three spear tips that shimmered with blue, watery light. pg. 195 Dia mengulurkan tangannya, dan sebuah trisula muncul di telapaknya: sebuah gagang perunggu sepanjang enam meter dengan tiga mata tombak yang berdenyar dengan cahaya air biru. pg. 373 Shift that occurs due to cultural differences. 1. SL : He pronounced his J like in Jacques pg. 3 TL : Dia mengucapkan huruf r-nya seperti setengah cadel setengah berkumur pg. 6 The example above clearly shows shift in translation that occurred due to cultural differences. In the SL, the speaker says that his opponent of conversation has a unique way of speaking just like the French people pronounce Jacques. But as can be seen in the TL, the translator completely changes the literal translation of it. If it is translated literally, then the translation product would be ‘huruf J-nya seperti di Jacques’. But instead of translating it that way, the translator adjusts it with the culture of the TL which is Indonesian Language. That is why; she translates it as ‘huruf r-nya seperti setengah cadel setengah berkumur’. She 81 realizes if she translates it literally, the target readers could hardly understand what it is about in light of the fact that Indonesian people have no idea how J sounds like in Jacques but they absolutely know how ‘huruf r seperti setengah cadel setengah berkumur’ is. They both actually share the same idea that the speaker has a unique way of speaking, the difference is how the translator conveys that idea in order to make the target readers understand it. That is why she adjusts it according to the culture of Indonesia. 2. SL : Girls moved around in football huddles, the way they always do, wearing lots of makeup and spaghetti-strap tops pg. 5 TL : Anak-anak perempuan berjalan-jalan dalam satu kerumunan regu sepakbola, seperti yang biasa mereka lakukan, mengenakan banyak riasan wajah dan pakaian atasan bertali pg. 11 Spaghetti-strap top is a kind of woman cloth with strap that looks like spaghetti on top. Instead of literally translate it as ‘pakaian atas seperti spageti’; the translator translates it as ‘pakaian atasan bertali’ which actually share the same idea. The translator is aware that the term ‘spaghetti’ does not exist in the culture of Indonesia, that is why she changes it with the word ‘bertali’ instead which actually looks like the ‘spaghetti’ itself. 3. SL : They both had dark silky hair and olive skin pg. 5 TL : Mereka berdua memiliki rambut hitam lurus dan kulit kecokelatan pg. 11 The word ‘olive’ shares the same meaning with ‘buah zaitun’ in Indonesian Language. Therefore, the term ‘olive skin’ can be translated as ‘kulit yang 82 berwarna buah zaitun’. But, in order to make it easier for the readers to understand how ‘olive skin’ looks like, the translator then adjusts it with the culture of Indonesia and simply translates it as ‘kulit kecokelatan’. 4. SL : About fifty feet away, lying on the gym floor, was a floppy green cap just like the one Bianca di Angelo had been wearing. pg. 9 TL : Sekitar lima belas meter dari tempatku berdiri, tergeletak di lantai gimnasium, adalah sebuah topi hijau berkelepai sama persis seperti yang tadi dikenakan Bianca di Angelo. pg. 18 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘fifty feet’ is translated as ‘lima belas meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length or depth used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length or depth varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length or depth used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘fifty feet’ as ‘lima belas meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is approximately equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘fifty feet’ with ‘lima belas meter’. 5. SL : The pen grew in my hands until I held a bronze Greek sword about three feet long with a leather-bound grip. pg. 9 TL : Pena itu tumbuh membesar di tanganku sampai kugenggam pedang perunggu Yunani sepanjang satu meter dengan gagang bersampul-kulit. pg. 19 83 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘three feet’ is translated as ‘satu meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length or depth used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length or depth varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length or depth used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘three feet’ as ‘satu meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is approximately equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘three feet’ with ‘satu meter’. 6. SL : My coat and shirt were pinned to the wall by some kind of spike—a black dagger-like projectile about a foot long. pg. 10 TL : Mantel dan kemejaku tertancap ke dinding oleh suatu tusukan— sebuah proyektil seperti belati hitam sekitar tiga puluh senti. pg. 20 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘a foot’ is translated as ‘tiga puluh senti’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length or depth used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The scales of length or depth that are commonly used by Indonesian people are metre and its descendant, such as sentimeter. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘a foot’ as ‘tiga puluh senti’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. Unlike the previous data, in this case, the translator chooses to adjust foot with ‘senti’not 84 ‘meter’. It is because; the context is about the length of a projectile. There is no need to use ‘meter’ to scale it for it is a tiny thing. One foot is equal with 30 sentimeter. Therefore, she translates ‘a foot’ with ’tiga puluh senti’. 7. SL : The second thorn impaled itself in the stone wall, half an inch from her face. pg. 10 TL : Duri kedua menancap ke tembok batu, hanya berjarak satu senti dari wajahnya. pg. 21 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘half an inch’ is translated as ‘satu senti’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length or depth used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The scales of length or depth that are commonly used by Indonesian people are metre and its descendant, such as sentimeter. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘half an inch’ as ‘satu senti’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One inch is approximately equal with 2,5 sentimeter. Therefore, she translates ‘half an inch’ with ’satu senti’. 8. SL : At least, I sensedthe sea was down there, hundreds of feet below. pg. 12 TL : Setidaknya, aku merasakan adanya laut di bawah sana, ratusan meter di bawah. pg. 24 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘hundreds of feet’ is translated as ‘ratusan meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length or depth used 85 in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length or depth varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of depth used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘hundreds of feet’ as ‘ratusan meter’. She adjusts the scale of depth based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. Therefore, she translates ‘hundreds of feet’ with ‘ratusan meter’. 9. SL : But then I looked down and saw something navy blue lying in the snow. pg. 21 TL : Tapi lalu aku memandang ke bawah dan melihat sesuatu berwarna biru gelap tergeletak di atas salju. pg. 43 The color of ‘navy blue’ refers to the color of the uniform of navy in America. But since the color of navy in Indonesia is white instead of blue, then the translator chooses to use descriptive translation to convey the idea of navy blue to the target readers who completely have a different idea about the color of navy uniform with the SL. She then translates ‘navy blue’ with its description which is ‘biru gelap’. 10. SL : Hanging out with only middle school girls forever. pg. 26 TL : Terus-terusan bergaul dengan hanya gadis -gadis a-be-ge seumur hidup. pg. 53 The term ‘middle school girls’ refers to young girls who are in their middle schools time. As can be seen in above, the translator translates it as ‘gadis-gadis a-be-ge’. The term ‘a-be-ge’ or ABG stands for Anak Baru Gede. This term is 86 only known in Indonesia. It refers to young girls or boys. The term ‘middle school girls’ and ‘‘gadis-gadis a-be-ge’ basically share the same idea. The translator chooses to translator it that way instead of literally translating it as ‘gadis-gadis sekolah menengah’ to give a sense of informal term and also to make it easier for the readers to absorb the idea by using a most common term that are widely known by Indonesian people. 11. SL : No. Too young. pg. 32 TL : “Tidak. Terlalu kecil.” pg. 67 The word ‘young’ in the SL shows that the object of conversation is a young boy. In Indonesian Language, ‘young’ shares the same meaning with ‘muda’. But in this case, instead of translating with ‘muda’, the translator translates it with ‘kecil’. It is done because people of Indonesia love to say ‘anak kecil’ instead of ‘anak muda’ for the reason that Indonesian people often measure someone else’s age by using the term ‘kecil’ small or ‘besar’ big instead of using ‘tua’ old or ‘muda’ young like the majority of English people do. But those terms basically share the same idea depends on the context. In this case, the term ‘young’ and ‘kecil’ share the same idea. The term ‘kecil’ used by the translator means that the object of conversation is too ‘young’. 12. SL : I mean, yeah, that was a Japanese compact. pg. 34 TL : Memang sih, itu adalah mobil sedan Jepang. pg. 69 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘compact’ as ‘a small car’. In Indonesia, a small sized car is called as ‘mobil sedan’. That is why the translator 87 then translator translates ‘compact’ with the term that is used in Indonesia which is ‘mobil sedan’. 13. SL : Now we were heading straight toward the Atlantic Ocean at a thousand miles an hour pg. 35 TL : Sekarang kami melesat lurus menuju Laut Atlantik dengan kecepatan ribuan kilometer per jam. pg. 70 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘a thousand miles’ is translated as ‘ribuan kilometer’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of speed used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of speed is mile per hour, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is kilometer per hour kilometer per jam. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘a thousand miles’ as ‘ribuan kilometer’. She adjusts the scale of speed based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. 14. SL : She just has to learn to— WHOA pg. 35 TL : “Dia hanya perlu belajar untuk—ALAMAK” pg. 70 The exclamation ‘whoa’ or ‘wow’ are used when people feel surprised or terrified. In this case, the translator translates the expression ‘whoa’ with the expression that is commonly used by Indonesian people. It is ‘alamak’. Just like ‘whoa’, ‘alamak’ is often used by Indonesian people when they get surprised or terrified. The translator can just translate it with ‘wow’, but she does not do it. It is because the expression ‘wow’ is also often used by English people, the 88 translator tries to avoid using English term, that is why she chooses to translate it with ‘alamak’, the term that is commonly used by Indonesian people. 15. SL : We were only a few hundred yards away now. pg. 35 TL : Kami sudah berjarak beberapa ratus meter sekarang. pg. 71 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘a few hundred yards’ is translated as ‘beberapa ratus meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘a few hundred yards’ as ‘beberaparatus meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. Therefore, she translates ‘a few hundred yards’ with ‘beberaparatus meter’. 16. SL : Tell her hello He beamed. Hello to Annabeth pg. 45 TL : “Sampaikan salam untuknya” Dia berbinar. “Salam buat Annabeth” pg. 90 The expression ‘hello’ is used by English people to greet someone else. But if the translator literally translates the SL as “Sampaikan halo untuknya” Dia berbinar. “Halo buat Annabeth”it sounds awkward for the target readers because that is not how Indonesian people usually say when they want to say hello to someone else. People of Indonesia tend to say ‘kirim salam’ instead of ‘kirim halo’. Relying on that matter, the translator translates it as “Sampaikan 89 salam untuknya” Dia berbinar. “Salam buat Annabeth”It is more accepted by the target readers because that is according to their culture. 17. SL : The top boulder was twenty feet tall and really hard to climb. pg. 55 TL : Puncak batunya setinggi enam meter dan sulit buat dipanjat. pg. 108 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘twenty feet’ is translated as ‘enam meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘twenty feet’ as ‘enam meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘twenty feet’ with ‘enam meter’. 18. SL : I was ten yards away before Bianca managed to yell for help. pg. 56 TL : Aku sudah beranjak sepuluh meter dari situ sebelum Bianca berhasil teriak meminta bantuan, pg. 111 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘ten yards’ is translated as ‘sepuluh meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by 90 Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘ten yards’ as ‘sepuluh meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One yard is approximately equal with 1 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘ten yards’ with ‘sepuluh meter’. 19. SL : Only a few moreyards to the creek and I had the game. pg. 56 TL : Tinggal beberapameter lagi dari anak sungai dan aku akan memenangkan pertandingan. pg. 111 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘a few more yards’ is translated as ‘beberapa meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘a few more yards’ as ‘beberapa meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. 20. SL : I was two feet from the water when Zoe bolted across to her own side, slamming into me for good measure. pg. 57 TL : Aku sudah setengah meter dari air saat Zoë melaju ke seberang memasuki wilayahnya, menabrakku untuk menahan lajuku. pg. 112 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘two feet’ is translated as ‘setengah meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in 91 America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘two feet’ as ‘setengah meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is approximately equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘two feet’ with ‘setengah meter’. 21. SL : Shed ignored my question and walked half a mile to talk to Zoe. pg. 60 TL : Dia mengabaikan pertanyaanku namun rela berjalan hampir satu kilometer untuk bicara pada Zoë. pg. 118 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘half a mile’ is translated as ‘satu kilometer’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, mile, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘half a mile’ as ‘satu kilometer’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One mile is approximately equal with 1,6 kilometer. Therefore, she translates ‘half a mile’ with ‘satu kilometer’. 22. SL : But this voice was deeper and lower, like a bass guitar. pg. 70 TL : Tapi suara ini lebih dalam dan berat, seperti gitar bas. pg. 137 92 The data above really relies on the context of situation. The word ‘lower’ in SL does not refer to ‘quite’ or ‘rendah’ in Indonesian Language. It more refers to some kind of husky voice. In Indonesian Language, ‘husky’ means ‘serak’ or ‘parau’. But as can be seen above, the translator chooses the word ‘berat’ to convey the idea of ‘lower’. It is because the people of Indonesia say a bass guitar kind of voice as ‘suara berat’. For example, in sentence ‘suara anak itu sangat berat’, it means that that boy has a deep and low voice. 23. SL : Being on a flying horse, skimming over the waves at a hundred miles an hour with the wind in my hair and the sea spray in my face. pg. 74 TL : Menaiki kuda terbang, meluncur di atas gulungan ombak pada kecepatan seratus enam puluh kilometer per jam dengan embusan angin menerpa rambutku dan buih laut menciprati wajahku. pg. 144 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘a hundred mile’ is translated as ‘seratus enam puluh kilometer’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, mile, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘a hundred mile’ as ‘seratus enam puluh kilometer’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One mile is 93 approximately equal with 1,6 kilometer. Therefore, she translates ‘a hundred mile’ with ‘seratus enam puluh kilometer’. 24. SL : Id never tried to push it—to see if there was a limit to how deep I could dive. pg. 74 TL : Aku tak pernah mencoba menekannya— untuk melihat apakah ada batasan seberapa jauh aku bisa menyelam. pg. 145 English people relate the sea with depth while Indonesian people relate it with distance or remoteness. So the two nations have two different points of view. It is clearly shown in the finding data above. As what can be seen above, in the SL, the writer uses the term ‘deep’ which means ‘dalam’ in Indonesian Language to convey the idea about sea while the translator uses the term ‘jauh’ which means ‘far’ in English Language to convey the same thing. 25. SL : The answer I wanted to give was I dont care pg. 81 TL : Jawaban yang ingin kuberikan adalah Masa bodoh pg. 160 The sentence ‘I don’t care’ literally means ‘saya tidak peduli’ in Indonesian Language. But instead of literally translating it that way, the translator chooses to use the term ‘masa bodoh’. The term ‘masa bodoh’ actually shares the same idea with ‘saya tidak peduli’. But ‘masa bodoh’ is more informal than ‘saya tidak peduli’. The term ‘masa bodoh’ itself is often used by Indonesian people in their daily life instead of ‘saya tidak peduli’. It is more accepted by the target readers because it is often used by them. 26. SL : I put on my cap of invisibility and walked over to the convenience store. pg. 83 94 TL : Kukenakan topi tak kasat mataku dan berjalan memasuki toko. pg. 163 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘convenience store’ as a shop or store that sells food, newspapers, etc, and sometimes gaspetrol and often stays open for 24 hours a day. Since there is no such store in Indonesia, the translator chooses to translate it simply with ‘toko’. 27. SL : It sprang at me, one thousand pounds of monster, and I had no choice but to turn and jump. pg. 93 TL : Makhluk itu merangsek maju ke arahku, lima ratus kilo monster, dan aku tak punya pilihan kecuali untuk berpaling dan melompat. pg. 185 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘one thousand pounds’ is translated as ‘lima ratuskilo’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of weight used in America and Indonesia. The scale of weight that is commonly used by America is pound, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of weight used by Indonesian people is gram and its descendants. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘one thousand pounds’ as ‘lima ratus kilo. She adjusts the scale of weight based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One pound is approximately equal with 0, 5 kilogram. Therefore, she translates ‘one thousand pounds’ with ‘lima ratuskilo’. 28. SL : It made the mistake of roaring at me, and I got an ice-cream sandwich in its throat. pg. 95 95 TL : Ia berbuat kesalahan dengan mengaum padaku, dan aku memasukkan roti es krim ke dalam kerongkongannya. pg. 189 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘sandwich’ as two slices of bread, often spread with butter, with a layer of cheese, meat, etc between them. But there is no such food in Indonesia. Therefore, the translator translates it only as ‘roti’ in order to make it easier for the Indonesian readers to get the meaning. 29. SL : And pastries, Grover said dreamily. pg. 106 TL : “Dan kue-kue,” ujar Grover penuh harapan. pg. 208 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘pastry’ as a mixture of flour, fat, and water or milked that is rolled out and baked as a base or covering for pies. But there is no such cake in Indonesia. Therefore, the translator translates it only as ‘kue-kue in order to make it easier for the Indonesian readers to get the meaning. 30. SL : Below, the mountain dropped away into a snow-filled gorge about seventy feet below. pg. 112 TL : Di bawah, gunung menukik curam ke lembah yang penuh salju sekitar dua puluh meteran ke bawah. pg. 222 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘seventy feet’ is translated as ‘duapuluh meteran’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length or depth used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of depth varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of depth used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘seventy feet’ as ‘dua puluh meteran’. 96 She adjusts the scale of depth based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is approximately equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘seventy feet’ with ‘duapuluh meteran’. 31. SL : I have no idea how many miles we covered, but the mountains faded into the distance and were replaced by miles of flat, dry land. pg. 115 TL : Aku sama sekali tak tahu berapa kilometer jauh perjalanan yang kami tempuh, tapi pegunungan mengabur di kejauhan dan digantikan oleh berkilo-kilometer dataran yang kering dan rata. pg. 226 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘miles’ is translated as ‘kilometer’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, mile, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘miles’ as ‘kilometer’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. Therefore, she translates ‘miles’ with ‘kilometer’. 32. SL : The lights inside the taqueria suddenly blazed to life. pg. 120 TL : Lampu-lampu di dalam kedai Meksiko itu tiba -tiba menyala. pg. 230 ‘Taqueria’ is a Mexican term that refers to a place or shop that sells taco, a traditional food from Mexico. The majority of Indonesian people are not familiar 97 with this term. Therefore, the translator chooses to translate it simply as ‘kedai meksiko’. It is done in order to make it easier for the target readers to grasp the meaning. The term ‘kedai meksiko’ is enough to explain that it is a Mexican shop. 33. SL : The girl Id just tried to slice in half yelped and dropped her Kleenex. pg. 140 TL : Gadis yang tadi kucoba belah jadi dua memekik dan menjatuhkan tisunya. pg. 272 ‘Kleenex’ is brand of tissue originated from America. It does not exist in Indonesia. Therefore, the translator chooses to translate it simply as ‘tisu’ to convey the idea. The meaning in SL is well transferred eventhough the translator does not keep the original term which is ‘kleenex’. 34. SL : Then the skeletons turned around. Gotta go pg. 142 TL : Kemudian para kerangka itu berbalik. “Dadaaah” pg. 275 The expression ‘gotta go’ literally means ‘harus pergi’ in Indonesian Language. It is used when English people to their opponent of conversation when they have to leave. But instead of literally translating it that way, the translator chooses to use the term ‘dadaaah’. The term ‘dadaaah’ actually shares the same idea with ‘harus pergi.’ The term ‘dadaaah’ itself is often used by Indonesian people in their daily life when they want to go or leave. It is more accepted by the target readers because it is often used by them. 98 35. SL : They were weathered brown except for their toes, which shone like new pennies from all the times people had rubbed them for good luck. pg. 143 TL : Tubuh mereka cokelat kusam kecuali untuk jari-jari mereka, yang berkilat seperti uang koin baru akibat dari sekian lamanya orang-orang menggosoknya untuk keberuntungan. pg. 278 ‘Penny’ is a small British coin and unit of money. People of Indonesia do not recognize such money because it does not exist in Indonesia. Therefore, the translator adjusts that term with the culture of Indonesia and translates it simply with ‘uang koin’. 36. SL : Sheesh, cant statues have a sense of humor? pg. 147 TL : “Ampun deh, apa patung nggak boleh punya selera humor?” pg. 285 The exclamation ‘sheesh’ is used by English people when they feel annoyed. In this case, the translator translates the expression ‘sheesh’ with the expression that is commonly used by Indonesian people. It is ‘ampun deh’. Just like ‘sheesh’, ‘ampun deh’ is often used by Indonesian people when they get annoyed by others. The translator can just translate it with ‘ya Tuhan’, but she does not do it. But rather than doing that, she chooses to translate it with ‘ampun deh’, the term that is commonly used by Indonesian people in their daily life. 37. SL : I smelled grapes and something more sour—wine. pg. 158 TL : Aku menghirup aroma anggur dan sesuatu yang lebih masam— minuman memabukkan. pg. 305 99 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘wine’ as an alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes that has been left to ferment. This kind of drink is originated from western culture. Therefore, the translator translates it only as ‘minuman memabukkan’ in order to make it easier for the Indonesian readers to get the meaning. 38. SL : You have no right to interfere, little hero. This is a family matter. pg. 173 TL : ”Kau tak punya hak untuk turut campur, pahlawan ingusan. Ini adalah urusan keluarga.” pg. 332 In the data above, the translator translates the term ‘little hero’ in the SL as ‘pahlawan ingusan’ in the TL. The term ‘little hero’ in the SL does not literally mean that the hero is little, but it is more about a hero who has a lack of experience. Relying on that idea, the translator then conveys it with the term that is widely known by Indonesian people, which is ‘pahlawan ingusan’. The term ‘ingusan’ is used by Indonesian people to point out those who have lack of experience or what is known as ‘newbie’. The translator translates the term ‘little hero’ with the term that is known by Indonesian people in order to make it easier for the target readers to absorb the intended meaning of the writer. 39. SL : I put on a few million extra pounds. pg. 174 TL : Aku menambah beberapa juta kilo bobot ekstra. pg. 333 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘pounds’ is translated as ‘kilo’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of weight used in America and Indonesia. The scale of weight that is commonly used by America is pound, while in 100 Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of weight used by Indonesian people is gram and its descendants. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘pounds’ as ‘kilo. She adjusts the scale of weight based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. 40. SL : Each god and goddess was about fifteen feet tall. pg. 190 TL : Setiap dewa dan dewi tingginya sekitar empat setengah meter. pg. 363 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘fifteen feet’ is translated as ‘empat setengah meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘fifteen feet’ as ‘empat setengah meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is approximately equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘fifteen feet’ with ‘empat setengah meter’. 41. SL : He held out his hand, and a trident appeared in it: a twenty foot long bronze shaft with three spear tips that shimmered with blue, watery light. pg. 195 TL : Dia mengulurkan tangannya, dan sebuah trisula muncul di telapaknya: sebuah gagang perunggu sepanjang enam meter 101 dengan tiga mata tombak yang berdenyar dengan cahaya air biru. pg. 373 In the data above, it can be seen that the scale ‘twenty feet’ is translated as ‘enam meter’ in the TL. There are differences of scale of length used in America and Indonesia. In America, the scale of length varies from yard, foot, inch, etc, while in Indonesia, there is no such scale. The most common scale of length used by Indonesian people is metre. Relying on that fact, that is the reason why then the translator translates ‘twenty feet’ as ‘enam meter’. She adjusts the scale of length based on the one used by the target readers which in this case is Indonesian people. One foot is approximately equal with 0, 3 metre. Therefore, she translates ‘twenty feet’ with ‘enam meter’. 102 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion