Background of Study INTRODUCTION

- Is there any effectiveness of indirect feedback on students’ writing of procedure text at the first grade students of SMP Plus Ibadurrahman?

E. Purpose of Study

The purposes of the study are formulated to answer the research questions. The purpose is to know the empirical evidence about the effectiveness of indirect feedback on‎students’‎writing of procedure text of the first grade students at SMP Plus Ibadurrahman.

F. Significance of Study

Some significances of this research, not only theoretically but also practically, go to: 1. The writer By using this method perhaps the writer will be able to help the teachers and the students understand benefits and weakness of indirect feedback. It also can be a reference for further research, especially a study about indirect feedback. And next time, the writer can choose this method as one of solution to teach English writing. 2. Teachers Teacher can evaluate clearly what the result of teaching writing English by giving indirect feedback. This study can be given to the teacher as variation in teaching English writing. 3. Students This study can be a preference to increase students ’ interest and motivation in learning English writing. 5

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Writing

1. The General Concept of Writing

Writing is one of the most significant cultural accomplishments of human being. It allows us to record and convey information and stories beyond the immediate moment. 4 Writing allows us to communicate at a distance, either at a distant place or at distant time. There are a lot of definitions stated by experts; Raymond states one of them, he defined that writing is more than a medium of communication. 5 It means that writing is not just the way to communicate to each other but also as means of ideas and emotional expression. Writing makes word permanent, and thus expands the collective memory of human beings from the relatively small store that we can remember and pass on orally to the infinite capacity of a modern library. 6 Writing is also a way of finding out what people know and what people need to learn. 7 Spoken words disappear as soon as they are spoken, but writing freezes their thoughts, makes them visible and permanent so people can examine and test their quality. 8 It can be seen that writing is a way of remembering because it makes word permanent and writing also is a good way to communicate because when writing, the 4 Henry Rogers. Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 2005, p. 1. 5 James C Raymond. Writing is Unnatural Act. New York: The Murray Printing Company: 1980, p. 2. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. writer really thinks about what he or she want to be communicated by writing it. That is a way of keeping themselves honest because writing is a way of arguing with them. 9 Writing is a process of discovering and shaping meaning. 10 Experienced writers rarely gather and understand immediately all the information they need. 11 From the definitions above, writing needs a process which must be surpassed by the writer. And writing is tools of human beings to share information or stories to others because someone can read it by several times. Langan stated that writing is not only talking about the post, but also the process of writing that would make a lot of writing that makes people interested. The essential writing will need a long process from the planning, drafting, writing, and revising. 12 This process can be done by anyone, especially students. The stages of writing process is to help students in learning writing, so if they have already followed the writing process they will be able to acquire this skill easily and make a good writing.

2. The Purposes of Writing

When someone writes something, he or she has purposes for writing. Each writer has his own purpose, in accordance with the text of which was planning to write. In addition, based on Competency Standard- Standar Kompetensi SK and Basic Competency- Kompetensi Dasar 9 Ibid. 10 Rise Axelrod and Charles R Cooper, The St. Marti n’s Guide to Writing, New York: St. Martin ‟s Press, Inc., 1983, p. 4. 11 Ibid. 12 John Langan, English Skill: Eight Edition, New York: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2006, p.20.