Bebina Desire - Be pleased with

Yindhor ‘happiness’ and nambur ‘anger’ are reflected in image of the yima yuhr ‘thoughts’, ‘dancing’ 3 and ‘being tied up’ 15 respectively. On the positive side the thoughts are unencumbered, whereas on the negative side ‘anger’ is the antonym, not ‘sadness’ one’s thoughts are portrayed as encumbered. Happy thoughts are optimistic because of good things happening and angry thoughts are aggressive because of offenses bad things happening. The term yuhur ‘desire’, ‘like’ may be a part of this complex also as it is thought to be based on the word yuhr ‘thought’. All the words in the sub-domain of ‘sadness’ refer to the marbir ‘heart’ in their idiomatic expression. So does yuhur ‘desire’. These common body image expressions indicate a view that the heart is involved in yearning for something that the experiencer wishes for. Only yuhur ‘desire’ uses waft ‘liver’ as the seat of the emotion, in addition to its usage of marbir ‘heart’ and its possible connection to yima yuhr ‘thoughts’. The liver has been noted to be widely-used throughout Papua New Guinea as a body part associated with emotions, and it occurs in Alamblak associated with the notions of desiring and liking. It is noted that yuhur ‘desire’ is associated with the liver, the heart, and plausibly the thoughts, all three of the body parts used in Alamblak emotions. Kenneth McElhanon 1975, 1977 has done extensive studies on body image expressions in many languages of the New Guinea area and elsewhere. He has pointed out that expressions of this type involving body parts are not to be dismissed as simply idioms. He has determined, through extensive field work that experiences that are identified with body parts are thought to reflect a duality. There is a physical response in the locus of a body part that reflects a psychological experience in the soul of the person. The polysemy pattern of yuhur was noted in section 2.6.1. This association of polysemy between the domains of Emotions and Desire, the latter being a disposition of the mind, has been referred to numerous times in the literature. Goddard 2002:24-25 discusses this same type of polysemy relationship in Yankunytjatjara and Spanish. Robert Bugenhagen 2001:76-85 discusses a great variety of body image expressions involving mata- ‘eye’ in the Mbula language of Papua New Guinea. Some of those meanings include a dispositional sense of thinking about someone and wanting to do something good for that person, and complex emotions that tie together wanting something and feeling something as a result. The Alamblak case is one more example of a language with lexical concepts in the four domains ‘fear-like’—‘Something bad canwill happen’, ‘anger-like’—‘I don’t want things like this to happen’, ‘shame-like’—‘Thinking about ourselves’, and ‘happylove-like’ feelings—‘Something good happened’. 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