31 seems that giving various explanations about something in a detail to the
children is so hard. Therefore, the writer assumes that the mother delimits and generalizes a motorcycle into Honda one of the motorcycle brands and an
ice cream seller into Pak Kemis because those words are familiar with them.
4.1.5 Short Grammatically Structure
The other CDS‘ characteristic that is frequently appeared in the subject utterance is short grammatically structure. A good sentence commonly
contains at least a subject, a predicate, and an object. From the observation results, the writer found that one or two elements of sentence is missing, i.e
missing a subject, a predicate, or and an object in her speech. This missing case in the observation results is categorized as stated by Broen 1972, into
sentences beginning with a verb, declarative sentences, questions, and single words used as sentences.
Table 2. Short Grammatically Structure
Cases Short Grammatically
Longer Grammatically
Sentences Beginning
with a Verb
Makan nasi ya?
want to eat rice? Extract 26
– Appendix 2 Adek makan nasi ya?
do you want to eat rice?
Duduk sek ya..
Duduk dulu ya. – sit down
please Extract 27
– Appendix 2 Ninis duduk di kursi dulu ya?
Ninis sit down on the chair please
Declarative Sentences
ayo adek ndak boleh. Iya, tidak boleh, ayo adek tidak
boleh. – yes, not allowed, adek
not allowed Extract 28
– Appendix 2 Adek ndak boleh naik kereta
dorong. Adek did not allowed ride baby
stroller
32
Declarative Sentences
Yok berdiri yok, berdiri. Stand up please.
... seger.. fresh..
Extract 29 – Appendix 2
Mandi membuat badan menjadi segar.
Take a bath makes our body fresh
Question
Opo nok?
Apa sayang? – What’s wrong
dear? Extract 30
– Appendix 2 Apa yang kamu maksud sayang?
What do you mean dear?
Mau?
want? Extract 31
– Appendix 2 Adek mau minum susu sapi?
Do you want to drink cow milk?
Single Words used as
Sentences
Salim.. berjabat tangan.
– shake hand Extract 32
– Appendix 2 Adek bersalaman dengan tamu
Shake your hand with him the guest please
Yo. Pulang. Yes. Go home.
Extract 33 – Appendix 2
Ayo kita pulang. Let us go home.
Based on those examples above, the studies by Clark Clark 1977, Clark 2003 and Phillips 1973 is line with the observation results. It
demonstrates that adults tend to use very short grammatically sentences when talking to young children and it is syntactically less complex
.
4.1.6 Repetition
