Students of the English Language Education Study Program as Teacher Candidates

11 However, researchers must refer to one of the critical approaches that is the most closely related to the study. According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971, there are five critical approaches to literature, namely formalist, biographical, socio-cultural, mythopoeic, and psychological approaches. The researcher adopts the psychological approach because focuses of this study are both related to Geraldine‟s psychological condition. Thus, the psychological approach is the mostly-related approach to the study. It is also known as a Psychoanalytic Approach and a Psychoanalytic Criticism to literature. Being frequently associated with Freud‟s theory of psychoanalysis is the reason behind the other names. Freud‟s psychoanalysis observes an individual‟s psychological condition by revealing the suppressed meanings or unconsciousness. In its relevance to literature, Barr y 2002 states that Freud‟s interpretation is closely related to literature: Freudian interpretation, then, is always been considerable interests to literary critics. The basic reason again, is that the unconscious, like the poem, or novel, or play, cannot speak directly and explicitly but does through images, symbols, emblems, and metaphors. Literature, too, is not involved with making direct explicit statements about life, but with showing and expressing experience through imagery, symbolism, metaphor and so on p. 100. Barry suggests that a literary analysis, like Freud‟s psychoanalysis, is also an interpretation of indirect and implicit elements of life portrayed in literature‟s images, symbols, emblems, and metaphors. In addition, Abrams 1985 asserts, “Literature and other arts, like dreams and neurotic symptoms, consist of the imagined or fantasized, fulfillment of wishes that are either denied by reality or are prohibited by the social standards of morality and propriety” p. 264. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI