B. Review of Related Theories
Some theories will be used in the study as the guidance in answering the problems formulation that becomes the focus of the analysis.
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
The important thing in this story is character. Generally, character divides into major character and minor character. Major character is the
important person who is dominant in the story; whereas the minor character is giving support to the major one. In the story, characters will perform flat
characters or round characters. Barnet said “Flat character is relatively simple and usually has only one trait. And round character is embodies several or
many traits that cohere to form a complex personality” Barnet, 2005: 228. His statement implies that flat characters sometimes not develop, because they
are simple and have only one trait. Since the round characters have more than one trait, so they can be developed. The definition of character by Abrams is
stated below Characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work,
who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they
say-the dialogue-and by what they do-the action Abrams, 1993: 23.
From the definition above, actually character can help the reader to understand the story by what they say the dialogue and what they do the
action. Every character provides with different moral, dispositional, and emotional. Those make the story alive, and make the whole story
understandable by the reader.
And characterization also called as personality. Personality attempts to explain the development of personal aspects and adjustment Crow and Crow,
1956: 228. Crow and Crow have said that personality reflects the development of the personal aspects; it means that the function of a person’s
behavior influences to their environment and it determines the kind of person he eventually will become. In this case, the personality is used in the story or
drama, so the readers can imagine how does the character alive. According to Barnet 2005: 338
Characterization is the presentation of a character, whether by direct description, by showing the character in action, or by the presentation
of other characters who help to define each other.
On the definition above explains that the characterization is showing the character in action or to help other characters to define each other. The readers
know the characterization of each character from the actions that was performed by the character in the story or play.
Robert W. Boynton and Maynard Mack in Introduction to the Short Story explained the way a writer revealed the characters in the novel. The
characters can be revealed based on: a. The action
Stories show characters in action. Therefore, the most obvious method for revealing the character is through what a person does. Boynton and Mack,
1965, 27 b. The word
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