Simple Future Tense .1 Form Negative Sentence Affirmative Sentence

3. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT FUTURE TENSE

3.1 Simple Future Tense 3.1.1 Form Simple Future Tense is used to express a future action which will be undertaken by the speaker in accordance with his wishes or express an action in the future. The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will. Simple Future has two different forms in English: will and be going to. Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both will and be going to refer to a specific time in the future. Form Will a. Affirmative Sentence Pattern: S + WillShall + V1 + O For Examples: - I shall go to Chicago next month - She will leave to Jakarta tonight - We shall go to the zoo tomorrow For positive sentence we may also contracted form will ‘II For Examples: - I’ II get you some coffee - He’ II go tomorrow Universitas Sumatera Utara

b. Negative Sentence

Pattern: S + WillShall + Not + V1 + O For Examples: - He will not come to your house tomorrow - She will not play the guitar at the concert tonight - We shall not buy the motor cycle next week For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and verb and sometimes we can contract with won’t and shall with shan’t For Examples: - I shan’t do all my work by myself - She won’t buy the motor cycle tomorrow

c. Interrogative Sentence

Pattern: WillShall + S + V1 + O For Examples: - Will Mary come to my party tomorrow? - Will they arrive tonight? - Shall you take English course next month? Note: In Old English, Shall are used for subject I and We, and Will are used for subject You, He, She, It, and They, However, in modern English subject I and We is also using Will to express promise in the future time.

3.1.2 Function

a. To express an action in the future For examples: - He will come tomorrow - She will post the letter Universitas Sumatera Utara - I shall go to Chicago next week b. Prediction We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. Prediction is guesses about what might happen in the future We are saying what we think will happen. But the prediction without evident For Example: - By studying hard, I shall get better grades. - Laskar Pelangi will win several academy award - Megawati will be the next president c. Express a decision made about the future at the moment spontaneous reactions to events We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples: For Examples: - I will take this one - I will go with you not him - We will see what we can do to help you In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking. We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it: For Examples: - I think Ill go to the gym tomorrow. - I think I will have a holiday next year. - I dont think Ill buy that car. Universitas Sumatera Utara d. To express a promise For Examples: - We will call you when we arrive - I promise, I will not tell anyone about your secret - I promise, I will help you e. To express a request. For Examples: - Will you help me to carry the heavy bag? - Will you please help me to get the books? - Will you help me with my work? f. To express an offer We also use will when we talk about willingness to do something offers, invitation and orders and will not when we talk about unwillingness to do something reluctance or refusal For Examples: - I will find some books for you. - He will give you another opportunity to get the correct answer. - Mum She will not give me back my pen g. To express a desire or willingness For Examples: - If you find the exercise too difficult, I will help you. - He says he will agree to our proposal - I’m sure he will let us go early today To express an action in the future time, we are also using phrase going to. Although will and to be going to can be used interchangeably, they are having a different meaning. Universitas Sumatera Utara

a. Affirmative Sentence

Pattern: S + To be going to + V + O For Examples: - He is going to swim this morning - They are going to be married next month - She is going to invest her money in a paper industry b. Negative Sentence Pattern: S + To be + Not + going to + V + O For Examples: - She is not going to spend one semester at the university - Mary is not going to learn Indonesian language - I am not going to Chicago this morning c. Interrogative Sentence Pattern: To be + S + going to + V + O For Examples: - Are you going to export orchid to America and Europe? - Is Mary going to continue her study to first degree? - Are they going to expand their business in China? Note: 1. In modern English, if we want to express a future action or intention in the future time we can use phrase going to For Examples: - He is coming tonight. - I am going to work much harder this semester 2. In future tense, phrase going to is also can express a prediction in the future, but the prediction with evident. Universitas Sumatera Utara For Examples: - Be careful The chair is going to break - Look at those black clouds It’s going to rain. 3.1.3 Time Signal The time signal which is used in the future time - Tomorrow - This afternoon - Tonight - Next Week - Next Month - Next Year Note REMEMBER: There is no Future for Time Clauses Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc For Examples: - When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct - When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct Note ‘arrive’ because of “when”

3.2 Future Continuous Tense