6. 2 Ulos at Marriage ceremony 6. 3 Ulos at Death Ceremony 1 Ruma Batak

3. 5. 12 Ulos Mangiring, Bintang Maratur

Ulos Mangiring or Ulos Bintang Maratur specific for family meaning usually awarded to bridge and bridegroom wished they get children and happy. Ulos Bintang Maratur symbolize love between other people, allegiance etc 3. 6 The Usage of Ulos Batak in Toba Batak Traditional Ceremony 3. 6. 1 Ulos at Birth Ceremony For birth ceremonial there are two things have to be attention the first is the position of the child whether the eldest or not. The second is whether the eldest child’s father is the eldest also. If the eldest child father is not the eldest his father title become “mar amani….” and if the eldest grandchild his father also the eldest then his grandfather title become “ompu ni….”. Ompu is a title inserted “si” before his grandchild name like: Ompu si… if the eldest grandchild is get from his eldest daughter named “Ompung bao” and Ompu… is a title he get from his eldest grandchild from his eldest son. While the baptism ceremonial held the son and father’s son get two Ulos for the child named “ulos parompa” and the ulos batak for his father is Ulos Suri-suri Ganjang or Ulos sitoluntuho-bolean.

3. 6. 2 Ulos at Marriage ceremony

In marriage ceremonial, “hula-hula” bride-giver marga, or daughter giving group for marriage could be given Ulos “Si tot ni pansa” they are: Ulos Marjabu for bride and briderom, Ulos PansamotPargomgom for bride parents, Ulos Pamarai is Universitas Sumatera Utara given to the elder brider’s brother or brother of briderom’s father, Ulos Simolohon is given to the bride’s sister “iboto or ito” who has married but if bride’s sisters has not married yet Ulos Simolohon could be given to the sister of bride’s father “Namboru” . there are many Ulos given to the bride and briderom named “ragi-ragi ni sinamot” usually accepted by briderom family whereas they have accepted “sinamot” amount of many for briderom parents.

3. 6. 3 Ulos at Death Ceremony

The third Ulos and the final Ulos would be given to someone who passed away. The statue according to the age and descent would be determined what kind of Ulos would be accept. If someone passed away in young age “mate hadirianna” the Ulos is “Ulos Parolang-olangan”, and if someone passed away while he has married named “matipul ulu or marompas tataring” the Ulos would be given is “Ulos Saput” and for widow or widower is given “Ulos Tajung”, however someone passed away determined from almost his descent have got grandchild already named “saur matua or sari matua” the Ulos would be given is “Ulos Panggabei” they are is Ulos Pinussaan and Ulos Jugia. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER 4 DESCRIPTION OF RUMA BATAK

4. 1 Ruma Batak

The Toba Batak is one of six Batak tribes that inhabit northern and central Sumatra. Each tribe has a distinctive culture and architectural style. Two Batak tribes are Moslem, while the Toba and another tribe Christian. The Toba Batak concentrated around Lake Toba, the world largest caldera lake. Their houses are among the most distinctive in Indonesia, with their famous boat-shaped roofs and finely-decorated carvings. Toba Batak houses are found in groups of ten or less, constituting small villages. Because of frequent warfare among the other tribes in the past, the houses are built close together, often side by side though rarely connected. Since much of the area is wet year-round, the Batak place their buildings on stilt to avoid flooding and dampness. A typical village consist of a row of houses flanking a corresponding number of small rice granaries, one for each house. Between the two rows of buildings runs a street called an “alaman”, which used to serve as work yard an as a place for drying out rice in the hot sun. nowadays, most of the granary buildings have been converted into houses, but their original purpose remains recognizable since the granaries were always built on six pillars, while house had more. The Toba Batak Universitas Sumatera Utara houses is one of the most distinctive traditional building in southeast asia. No one knows when the creation of these house started, but the Toba Batak houses have been around as long as anyone can remember. These house can be found around Lake Toba. Toba Batak houses are built close to each other due to the history of the fights between the tribes, and this features gives them more advantage to defend themselves. They are construct on top of rows and columns of pillar, a foundation that goes above the ground, in order to avoid damages caused by floods. It is roof are boat-shaped and tend to be very tall and tilted, Reaching down as far as the main living area The Toba Batak house is recognized vertically into three distinct zones. The lower zone-the area beneath the house raised on piers-functioned as work area and as an open-air pen for animals. The next zone-the floor of the house is a living area where as many as four different families crowded together nowadays there I usually one family per house. Ladders were once used to access the living area from the ground, so that in times of war ladder could be quickly retracted and the opening sealed. At present, many families have installed stairs for convenience. The highest and most important level of the house is upper storey, which extends about a third of of the depth in front of the house. In this area family valuables and ancestral shrines are located. In front of this area, facing the street, is a verandah used for open air storage. The roofs of the Toba Batak houses are formed of sugar palm fiber thatch, held together with rattan cords, many houses have abandoned Universitas Sumatera Utara the labor intensive thatched roof and have converted to zinc metal roofs, which are far more durable in the humid climate. Traditionally, Toba Batak communal houses were richly decorated with geometric designs and naturalistic figures brightly painted in red, white and black. The main decorative elements on the houses were large, carved animal heads incised with complex curvilinear motifs. The architectural ornaments on the sides of the house consisted predominantly of horses or buffalo heads. These highly ornate pieces were not only decorative but also served as supernatural guardians that ensured the safety and security of the structure’s inhabitants symbols on The Toba Batak region, buffalo consecrated to the realm ancestors. They were also symbol of high status, since only the elite could afford to own them. Toba Batak houses up till twentieth century the Toba Batak are one of six Batak tribes that inhabit northern and central sumatera. Each tribe has a distinctive culture and architectural style. Toba Batak are concentrated around Lake Toba, the world’s largest caldera lake. Their houses are among the most distinctive in Indonesia, with their famous boat-shaped roofs and finely decorated carvings. The house for the Toba Batak of North sumatra is of central importance. Bataks typically settle in closed villages and form small communities. Usually, a community a group consists of several different clans marga or Bataks with familial relations. A closed village is called a huta. A huta used to be surrounded by walls made of stone earth soil parik, planted with bamboo trees closely adjacent Universitas Sumatera Utara one to another. There is one, or a maximum of two entrance gates bahal located at the front jolo and the back pudi. A banyan tree baringin and or a hariara tree are usually present close to the bahal. There are two types of the traditional houses inside a huta Batak that face one another, the ruma and the sopo. Between the two buildings is a wide common area alaman where parents and children conduct their activities. These two buildings, despite their similar look, are in fact different from one another, functionally as well as from the construction perspective. Huta Batak at consists of three ruma and three sopo. These six buildings were contributions from families that truly care about the conservation of the Batak culture. According to the information provided by the original owners, the buildings are approximately 120-150 years old. Improvements had been done to several parts of the buildings. Huta Batak was created in such a way in accordance with its original format with modifications in the shape of the bahal, parik and alaman. The hariara tree plays a significant role in the Batak Tradition. A hariara is often planted as a sign separating one huta the village to another, the symbol of the village’s guardian, as the place for mamele prayer to supernatural powers or as the sign of ownership of a territory, as a symbol for one particular clan marga, or even as a witness in agreements between communities. This tree has philosophical values for a Batak person. The hariara is often regarded as the tree of life for the Batak ethnic group because of its ability to grow big, tall and, firm, resilient towards various weathers with extensive survivability. Its Universitas Sumatera Utara luxuriant leaves provide cool shade and shelter for the villagers. Many discussions between villagers took place under this tree. Various living creatures of all kinds also live and look to make a living in this tree. This tree is like a ”kingdom” without a king, full of life but without the disorder. H G A. Jabu Bona, the important house for Raja Huta B. Panggambiran the house of Raja Huta deputy C. Ruma D. Open Sopo E. Sopo F. Pantil function is to oversee the enemy G. Harbangan, gate Picture 4. 1. 1 The Huta Structure of Toba Batak F A B E D C Universitas Sumatera Utara Picture 4. 1. 2 The Rows of Sopo and Ruma in Huta

4. 2 Definition of Ruma Batak