4. 6 The Division of Ruma Batak Room
The traditional communal houses of the Batak have three levels, which correspond to the three levels of their universe: the upper world, the middle world,
and the lower world. The high roof represents the upper world, the real of the gods. The living level elevated above the ground on pillars is symbolic of the middle
world where human dwell. The space for animals below the living level represents the lower world, belived to be the home of a mythological dragon. The main
decorative elements of communal houses are large, cerved animals heads. These sculptures, positioned at the ends of side beams, function as protective devices that
have the ability to release positive energy as well as protect the inhabitants from
disease or evil. 4. 6. 1
According To The Floor of Ruma Batak
The lower part functioned as livestock like buffalo, cattle, etc. in the middle part is the space for human dwelling and the upper part is the space for store up the
shrines “ugasan” or “homitan”. The floor divide into: 1.
The lower part Tombara consist of stones as the Ruma Batik foundations named “Ojahan”, the short pole, peg “rancang” that unified in a pole and the
function is a stairs “balatuk”. 2.
The middle part Tonga consist of exterior wall, side wall, and the behind wall.
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3. The upper part Ginjang consist of roof “tarup” which is made from palm
fiber “ijuk”.
4. 6. 2 According To The Room Division
According to a Dutch researcher of Gorga Batak, Ruma Batak in 1920 named D. W. N De Boer, his book is Het Toba Batik Huis the third continents: the
lower world “banua toru”, middle world “banua tonga”, and the upper world “banua ginjang”. According to the Toba Batak reliance that the third continents Mula Jadi
Bolon creation similar with world division also divided into three divisions. The ancestor of Toba Batak named Ruma Batak as “Jabu Namarampang
Namarjual” where as ampang and jual a space for measure rice or the other crops. Ruma Batak and sopo has the certain rule, criteria and the function. Although in
Ruma Batak inside has no buttress but there are some of space or room in Ruma Batak are straighten up. Ruma Batak usually consits of four divisions they are:
1. Jabu Bona is the right corner room behind of the Ruma Batak entrance this
room usually dwelled a host of host family. 2.
Jabu Soding is the left corner room behind of the Ruma Batak entrance. Jabu soding dwelled for under fifteen year old age children.
3. Jabu Suhat a corner space in the front part the entrance. Jabu Suhat room
dwelled the oldest have marriage already because in previous there is no
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house to hire, the new bride have to be dwelled Jabu Suhat until they get Ruma for them.
4. Jabu Tampar Piring the position is in right corner in front part near to Ruma
Batak entrance. Jabu Tampar Piring specialized for the host guest who come from the other city and live there for several days.
Beside the fourth of the important corners there is the other space or room between Jabu Bona and Jabu Tampar Piring named Jabu Tonga Ni Jabu Bona and the
space between Jabu Soding and Jabu Suhat named Jabu Tonga-tonag Ni Jabu Soding. Ruma Batak could be divided into four or six space according to the author. The
constructive expense in Toba Batak is most expensive and to construct Ruma Batak could be fund in together although they have no bloody relative named “marripe-ripe
dibagas” or house associate the men who dwelled Jabu Bona would be most fund the constructive Ruma Batak expenses. The men dwelled the part of Jabu Parjolo Suhat,
Parsoding Jolo-jolo, and Parsoding Pudi-pudi fund fewer the constructive expense. Even to slove problem the other dweller have to solve it to the author of Parjabu
Bona. Until now if Toba Batak would be held a traditional ceremony they always told “marpungu hita di jabunta na marampang namarjual on jabu na masangap na martua
on” etc. As the result that each of problem have to be solved together even from the outside.
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Picture IV. 6. 2. 1. The Room Division
4. 7 Gorga Batak
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