for First Grade. The 30 items of the tests is tested to the students from the second grade. After test is applied, the researcher measures the instruments‟ validity and
reliability used ANATEST. For the ANATEST result, it can be seen on appendices.
E. The Data Collection Technique
Technique of collecting data in this research used pre-test and post-test that was given to both experimental class and control class. In this research, the
researcher gave pre- test to see the students‟ basic capability in reading before
using Collaborative Strategic Reading CSR technique in reading class. The next test was post-test which will measure the effectiveness of using Collaborative
Strategic Reading CSR techniq ue on students‟ reading comprehension
achievement in a certain period.
F. The Data Analysis Technique
The gathered data are used to find out the differences of students‟achievement in experimental class and controlled class. In line with this, the writer uses
statistic calculation through t-test formula in manual calculation. It is used to examine the
significance difference of students‟ reading comprehension achievement between experimental class and controlled class. The formula of t-
test as follow:
5
Notes:
M
1
= Mean of Variable X experimental class M
2
= Mean of variable Y controlled class SE = Standard Error
There are several stages taken to get the calculation of t-test, it can be seen as follow:
5
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006, p. 314.
1. Determining Mean of variable X, with formula:
2. Determining Mean of variable Y, with formula:
3. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable X, with formula: √
4. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y, with formula: √
5. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable X, with formula: √
6. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable Y, with formula: √
7. Determining Standard Error of different Mean of Variable X and Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
√
8. Determining t
o
with formula:
9. Determining Degrees of Freedom df of 5 and 1, with formula:
