Research Objectives Research Benefits
11 movements to make a teaching and learning process more innovative and inclusive.
He states that passive learning must be replaced with active participation as cited in Forman, Nyatanga, Rich, 2002.
Furthermore, Oliver 2002 mentions the role of information and communication in education as we progress into 21
st
century learning. She believes that it has strong impacts on four aspects in a learning process. Those aspects are
what is learned, when and where learning will take place, and how the learning will occur.
b. Characteristics of 21
st
Century Learning The change of 20
th
century learning into 21
st
century learning basically cannot be separated from the change of those two eras. It is clear that they have
different needs and characteristics. Partnership for 21
st
Century Learning Skills 2011 attempted to see how they are different by comparing the language
classroom in the past and today. Then, the characteristics of a language classroom in 21
st
century learning are presented as follows: Students learn to use the language
Learner-centered with teacher as facilitator or collaborator Focusing on the three modes: interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational
Backward design focuses on the end goal Using thematic units and authentic resources
Emphasizing on learners as “doers” and “creators” Emphasizing on the relationship among the perspectives, practices, and
products of the culture PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12 Integrating technology into instruction to enhance learning
Using language as the vehicle to teach academic content Differentiating instructions to meet individual needs
Personalizing real world tasks Seeking opportunities for learners to use language beyond the classroom
Assessing to find out what students can do Students know and understand criteria on how they will be assessed by
reviewing the task rubric Learners create to “share and publish” to audience more than just the teacher.