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activities to achieve the goals stated. It was important to select the effective and efficient learning activities that will be supportive aspect to achieve the goals.
Step number six was designing material. The next step was designing the
material. All selected reading material and learning activities were based on the topics, general purposes, and also objectives. The material was arranged in
sequence, so that it will help the students in learning the material easily. The next step was evaluating material. Experts and users feedback were needed toward the
designed material. This wa s adapted from Kemp’s instructional model. Evaluation
was aimed to check whether the contents, time allocation and everything in the
design are appropriate or not. The last step was revising material. In the last step,
the material was revised based on the feedback and suggestions gained from the experts and users. Revision was needed to improve the material so that it could be
beneficial for the users.
There were three main phases in the study, namely pre-design survey, material development, and also post-design survey which were aimed to ease the
research conduct process. In pre-design survey, first and second step of R D, namely research and information collecting and planning were used. Information
needed were gained through questionnaire distributed to the students and interview conducted to the English teacher. The data gathered will be used to plan
and design the material. After conducting the first phase, it will be followed by developing the material. In this phase, the third up to fifth step of R D were
implemented. The phase was started with designing the material and after that the material were tested to gain feedback from experts and users. The revised material
then will be distributed to the students to look for their opinions and suggestions
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from the students as the users. The results of the questionnaire distributed to the students along with the material will be used for final revision.
B. RESEARCH DESIGN
There are four topics that would be discussed under research design, namely research participants, research instruments, data gathering technique, and data
analysis technique. Research participants consisted of three participants; those were the students, the teachers and the experts in language teaching and also
information and technology. The research instruments used in the study were questionnaire, interview, and classroom observation. Moreover, this sub chapter
will also explain more about data gathering technique and data analysis technique.
1. Research Participants
There were three types of research participants for this study. The first one was Junior High School students. Seventh grade students of SMP Maria
Immaculata Yogyakarta were selected as the participants since the material are designed for them. The writer distributed the questionnaire for the needs analysis
to one class consisting twenty six students. Moreover, for gaining data for users’
feedback, the questionnaire was distributed to the same class. In addition, on the effort of collecting feedbacks from the students, the number of participants was
twenty four. Two students were reported couldn’t come to school at that day for
personal and medical reason. The second one was English teachers. There are two English teachers who
teach seven graders. They were the respondents for needs analysis and for the post
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design survey phase. For needs analysis, the writer conducted an interview with the English teacher teaching the classes where the questionnaire was distributed.
While for post design survey, both English teachers were involved. Their feedback and suggestions will be needed to improve the material. The third one
was experts. Experts here refer to English lecturers and media experts. They were the participants in the post-design survey phase. Their feedback and suggestions
were needed to improve the material along with the feedback and suggestions from the English teachers.
2. Research Instruments
There were three instruments used in the study. Those were a set of questionnaire, interview and observation checklist. Questionnaire is used in all
phases. Moreover, interview and observation are only used in pre-design survey to gather data from the English teachers.
a. Questionnaire
There are some definitions of questionnaire used in the study. According to Wallace 1998, questionnaire is an instrument to gather information needed
through the part icipants’ written response to a list of questions. Added by Johnson
and Christensen 2012 that questionnaire is a kind of self-report instrument that should be filled by the respondents as the part of the research being conducted. It
could be used for collecting quantitative data, qualitative data and mixed data. There are two form of questionnaire that is closed and open form. In the open
form, respondents could only select the best response to the questions based on the choices provided, while in the open form, respondents could write down their
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response without any border. In the study, questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data and also qualitative data. Moreover, the form of questionnaire
being used in the study was both closed and open form questionnaire. In forming the questionnaire to be distributed to the students, a closed form
questionnaire was used. Options were provided and they just needed to select the best option. There was no open-ended question in this phase. The data gained
from the questionnaire then analyzed to look for the average distribution of certain item. For the questionnaire for the teachers, open form questionnaire was selected.
It was aimed to gain feedback and suggestions from the English teachers, and experts. The data gained then were analyzed and converted into scale to get the
best conversion of score interval and category. The following table was the blueprint of the questionnaire for the students and interview checklist of the
interview with the teacher.
