Psychological Approach Theory of Literature

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section consists of the review of related theories and the theoretical framework. In the review of related theories, the writer discusses the theories of literature which are the theory of critical approach, theory of character, and the theory of characterization. The second is the theory of psychology which has theory of personality, theory of inferiority complex, and the theory of existential psychology in it. Those theories are then supporting the writer‘s analysis.

A. Review of Related Theories

1. Theory of Literature

In this part, the writer presents the theory of critical approach in literary works, the theory of characters and characterization. The explanation of the theories is as follows

a. Psychological Approach

In order to observe and understand the works of literature well, a method is needed to analyze it. Critical approach to literature requires an understanding of its nature, function, and positive values Rohrberger Woods, 1971, p. 3. They explain critical approach to ―put readers in a position to receive some of the positive aesthetic values, you provide the means where by readers can understand how literature is shaped and something of what it means‖ p. 3. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 10 According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971 there are five kinds of critical approach. There are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic approach and the last is the psychological approach pp. 1-15. The branch of the critical approach which is mostly used to analyze the study here is the psychological approach. Here then is the explanation by Rohrberger and Woods 1971, Psychological Approach is an approach that concerns ―the efforts to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns‖ p. 15. It involves the theory of psychology to understand literary works. In addition, Guerin, Labor, Morgan, and Willingham 1979 also propose that psychological approach provides us a work‘s ―thematic‖ and ―symbolic‖ mysteries. This approach helps us to understand and to clarify the lines stated in the literary work p. 121. The concern of this approach is the analyses ―motives underlying human behavior‖ p. 155. Nonetheless, this approach has its limitation to the aesthetic inadequacy and it neglects the appreciation of the literary work p. 121. By using this approach, the writer tries to find out and to interpret the meaning of each line stated the novel. Here also the analysis of the character is believed to be revealed and understood by the psychological approach.

b. Character