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ends p. 97. Her behavior for not being truthful then sends her to the prison, makes her sentenced to life p. 161. Here from the rationale above, the self-
actualization needs are failed to fulfill. Related to Hanna‘s characters as an illiterate person, the striving for
perfection is failed. The failure then leads to Hanna‘s inferiority complex.
b. Striving for Self -Concept and Self-Esteem
Roger states that poor mental health and maladjustment are developed from a disparity between the self-concept and actual life experiences. When one
feels the affection and love are conditional, they will show the negative impulses and feelings which then self-esteem becomes distorted as stated in Huffman, p.
462. This is closely related with the belonging and love needs. Adler 1956,
states that the abnormal inferiority feelings often appear in hated children who are unwanted p. 118. Though it is not pictured in the novel that Hanna is an
unwanted child in her childhood, it is shown that she, at the age sixteen, has worked for her own living, whereas other girls in her age might study at school
still. The following quotation is the proof, ―...then come to Berlin at the age of sixteen, taken a job at the Siemens company‖ p. 39. It can be inferred that no
one takes care of Hanna in her teens; the belonging and love needs are not fulfilled and her self-esteem becomes distorted.
Hanna also has poor mental health and experiences the conditional love from Michael. In this case, Hanna actually needs someone to love her. Inspite of
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her poor behavior control, she offers Michael affair and sex which she knows Michael cannot refuse as seen in part one of the novel. This relationship makes
Hanna‘s self-esteem distorted since she feels that she is only being acceptable by Michael only when she gives him her body. Here is known when the affair starts.
From behind she wrapped me in the towel from head to foot and rubbed me dry. Then she let the towel fall to the floor. ... she was naked too. She
put her arms around me, one hand on my chest and the other on my erection.
―That‘s why you‘re here‖ ―I...‖ I didn‘t know what to say. Not yes, but not no either. p. 25.
Hanna fails in the striving for the self-concept because of the unfavorable
environment. This can be seen through her antisocial manner as discussed earlier in the characters and the indirect mechanism of inferiority complex. The
quotations of how Hanna behaves during the trial and the statement from the warden become the proofs of the unfavorable environments she faces. ―During the
breaks Hanna remained in her seat.‖ p. 100. Hanna does not communicate with the other defendants like the other defendants. In the prison she even withdraws
herself further, ―... she had to retreat even further, into a lonely cell safe from all eyes.‖ p. 208. For these behaviors, it can be known that Hanna does not feel that
the environment she belongs to is favorable. Here the unfavorable environment; the trial and the prison cause her behavior of limiting her social life. This
condition then makes her fail the striving for self-concept.
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Therefore, her attractive even seductive character fails the striving for self- esteem. The unfavorable environment then leads her to fail the striving for self-
concept. Those failure lead her into the inferiority complex.
c. Striving for Security
