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form of behavior that allows individuals to interact with or adjust to the varying demands of environment.
b. Perception in Learning
Related to the theory of perception, perception on learning has relation to belief and concept. It has connection with belief about knowledge that is able to
influence students’ behavior toward the learning. It means that perception on learning has a big role in the process of obtaining the knowledge.
In obtaining the knowledge, there is a system which relates the concept with the environment. The concept is formed by the stimuli which come from the
environment. It is called interactive system. Interactive system has three elements; those are presage, process and product or learning outcome Biggs, 1992: 3-6.
1 Presage
Presage is an indicator of future occurrence. It includes learning conception and learning context such as teachers and school attributes, and also
students’ understanding about knowledge. The examples of presage are
educational practices, students’ preparation, and the procedures of assessment. 2 Process
Process is a factor that includes students’ perception on the learning environment and specific learning strategies that they experience in learning tasks.
Learning strategies have a role in influencing the process of learning. An example of process is a process how students learn the target materials during English
teaching-learning activities.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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3 Product
Product or learning outcome is influenced by the learning strategies used. Students can have good learning outcome when the learning strategies that are
used are suitable for them, and can make them have positive perception on the learning. Students’ perception on English learning is influenced by the
implementation of English teaching-learning activities. Champbell 2001: 173-186 mentioned those three elements are also
mentioned in the five elements of language teaching-learning activities that build students’ perception. Those five elements cover 1 the way the teacher teaches the
students, 2 the kind of material that the teacher wants the students to learn, 3 the students behavior in class during the process of learning, 4 the material that the
students learn, and 5 the the goals of learning the language. In perception on learning, the students’ behavior can be changed through
the process of learning. For example, at first, a student experiences that listening activity is difficult. However, since listening activities are adjusted to the students’
condition and interest, and also he can choose his own topic, he, then, considers the listening activities interesting. This theory helps the researcher analyzes parts
of perception on learning using SALL from the students’ point of view that need to be observed.
2. Theory of Learning English a. Learning
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