accomplishing communication. In other words, when students cannot understand what is said, certainly they are unable to reply. Therefore, to build speaking
ability, they should get much input through listening. Further, to develop both skills, video animation was used since it provides sounds, pictures and gestures at
the same time. It also provides interesting pictures which can attract students’ attentions.
In addition, when the teacher designs the materials using CALL, they need to consider eigth conditions to support optimal classroom language learning. This
is the answer to the second research question. So that, in designing the video animation-based materials, they need to cover these eight conditions, including
the materials enabling the students to interact and negotiate meaning, to interact in the target language with an authentic audience, to get involved in authentic tasks,
to produce varied and creative language, to have adequate time and feedback, to attend mindfully to the learning process, to work in an atmosphere with an ideal
stressanxiety level and to learn autonomously. ADDIE model and
Kemp’s model are employed in designing the instructional materials. First, the researcher conducts need analysis regarding to
the students’ needs, students’ characteristics, and instructional goals. The second is design. In this step, the researcher designs the material, organizes the content,
and plans instructional message. After that, to know whether the material is well- designed, the researcher conducts formative evaluation in the development step.
The participants here are English lecturers and English teachers. Their opinions, comments, and suggestions are taken as a consideration to develop the materials.
Then, the designed materials are implemented to the users. At the end of the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
meeting, the evaluation is conducted again. It is called user validation. It aims to figure out the improvement in the learning result, Here, the participants are the
target users. Eventually, the design which has been revised then becomes the final product.
51
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides the overview of the methodology as an attempt to describe the procedure of the study. The discussion in this part covers overview of
the research method and the research procedure.
A. Research Method
This study mainly focuses on asnwering two research questions. They are 1 What do the video animation-based materials for oracy in Elementary School
look like? and 2 Which CALL pedagogical aspects are dominant in the video animation-based materials learning model by Egbert Hanson-smith 2007?.
Based on the first research question, this study is aimed to develop an educational product. Thus, ADDIE model and Morrison, Ross
Kemp’s model were employed. According to Borg Gall 1983, p. 772,
“educational research and development is a process used to develop and validate educational products
”. The products here include not only material objects, such as textbooks,
instructional films, and so on, but also established procedures and processes, such as a method of teaching or a method for organizing instruction. By combining
those models, the reseacher can produce a new product or develop a current product which is practical and valuable. In order to meet those criteria, the product
would be tested, evaluated, and refined. Morrison, Ross, Kalman
Kemp’s 2011 model consists of nine phases. The phases are instructional problem identification and goal specifications of an
instructional course, examination of learner’s characteristic based on instructional decisions, subject content identification with task analysis related to goals and
purposes, instructional objective specifications, instructional units in arranged in logical sequential order for learning, instructional strategies designed to meet the
mastery of lesson objectives, plan and develop instruction, evaluation instruments for measuring course objectives and resource selection for instruction and learning
activities Morrison, Ross, Kalman Kemp, 2011. Meanwhile, in ADDIE model, there are five steps, comprising Analysis, Design, Development,
Implementation, and Evaluation. ADDIE’s instructional design was used to
specify the information required for developing product. The collaborated ADDIE model
with Kemp’s model is illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 3.1 Kemp’s Model with ADDIE components Morrison, Ross Kemp, 2011, p. 29
Meanwhile, to anwer the second research question, the researcher used survey research. It was conducted to obtain the students’ opinion, feedback, and
suggestions about the designed materials. Creswell 2012, p. 376 said that “survey researchers statistically analyze the data to describe trends about
responses to questions and to test research questions”. They also collect PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
