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digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id
Similarly, other research come from Wong with the title “Data Analysis in Qualitative Research: A Brief Guide to Using Nvivo”
38
Qualitative data is often subjective, rich, and consists of in-depth information normally presented in the form of words. Analyzing
qualitative data entails reading a large amount of transcripts looking for similarities or differences, and subsequently finding themes and
developing categories. Traditionally, researchers ‘cut and paste’ and use color pens to categorize data. This paper illustrates the ways in which
NVivo can be used in the qualitative data analysis process. The basic features and primary tools of NVivo which assist qualitative researchers in
managing and analyzing their data are described. In addition, Basit also conduct research dealing with data analysis
with the title “Manual or electronic? The role of coding in qualitative data analysis”
39
Data analysis is the most difficult and most crucial aspect of qualitative research. Coding is one of the significant steps taken during
analysis to organize and make sense of textual data. This paper examines the use of manual and electronic methods to code data in two rather
different projects in which the data were collected mainly by in-depth interviewing. The author looks at both the methods in the light of her own
experience and concludes that the choice will be dependent on the size of
38
Wong, LP. Data Analysis in Qualitative Research: A Brief Guide to Using Nvivo. Malays Fam Physician. 2008; 31: 14–20.
39
Basit, Tehmina. Manual or electronic? The role of coding in qualitative data analysis. Educational Research. Volume 45, Issue 2, 2003
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the project, the funds and time available, and the inclination and expertise of the researcher.
Moreover, Zamawe conduct the research with the title “The Implication of Using NVivo Software in Qualitative Data Analysis:
Evidence-Based Reflections”
40
In this paper, the author reflects on his experience of interacting with one of the popular CAQDAS NVivo in
order to provide evidence-based implications of using the software. The main function of CAQDAS is not to analyse data but rather to aid the
analysis process, which the researcher must always remain in control of. In other words, researchers must equally know that no software can analyze
qualitative data. CAQDAS are basically data management packages, which support the researcher during analysis.
In one hand, other come from Beuscher and Grando with the title “Challenges in Conducting Qualitative Research with Persons with
Dementia”
41
This researcher shares personal experience of the challenges faced and the lessons learned while conducting a qualitative study of 15
persons with early stage Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues concerning determination of capacity to consent to
research, consentassent, communication challenges, and trustworthiness of data when conducting a qualitative study of persons with dementia.
Understanding communication challenges due to dementia is important to
40
Zamawe, F C. The Implication of Using NVivo Software in Qualitative Data Analysis: Evidence-Based Reflections. Malawi Medical Journal. 2015 Mar; 271: 13–15
41
Beuscher, Linda and Grando, Victoria T.. Challenges in Conducting Qualitative Research with Persons with Dementia. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2009 Jan; 21: 6–11.
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develop effective communication strategies, such as simplifying the structure of questions, allowing ample time for participant’s response,
using reminiscence, and redirecting the dialogue. In this research, the researcher makes a different research. The
researchers try to describe students’ difficulties in analyzing the qualitative data, causes and also solutions used by students to overcome the difficulty
in analyzing qualitative data. It becomes problem for students of eight semester, on the other hand, they have already got material related to the
research in previous semester but they still confuse or even don’t know how to analyze qualitative data.
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❤❣ r s
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter discusses about the process of conducting this research. It consists of approach and research design, researcher presence, research location, data
and source of data, research instruments, data analysis technique, checking validity of findings and research stages.
A. Approach and Research Design
The analysis of this study uses qualitative method because the data collection in the form of interview as qualitative data. Qualitative approach is
a general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research which has three major categories of data, such as in-depth interviews, direct observation
and written documents.
1
Therefore, the researcher used interview to gain deep information.
B. Researcher presence
The role of the researcher is as instrument of the research as well as data collector. In collecting the data through interview, the researcher is
considered as common partner in order to explore detail about the data needed during interview and subjects of the research confident in sharing their
difficulties in analyzing qualitative data, causes of difficulties in analyzing qualitative data and the solutions to overcome difficulties in analyzing
qualitative data.
1
Ary, Donald et. al. Introduction to Research in Education Eighth Edition. Cengage Learning : Canada, 2009
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C. Research Subject
The subject of this study is the students of eighth semester at English education department in UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya academic year
20112012. The subject of this research was selected by using purposive sampling. The researcher selected the subject who would provide deep
information about difficulties in analyzing qualitative data, causes of the difficulties in analyzing qualitative data and the solution of the difficulties in
analyzing qualitative data. For that purpose, the researcher decided some characteristics as the
consideration in selecting the subject. Those
characteristics are: 1 They are in the process of writing research report thesis, 2 They have taken the subject of research method, research statistic
and thesis seminar proposal class. 3 They had already conducted proposal examination and already have analyzed the data.
The researcher chose the subject of the research based on those criteria above. The researcher conducted the interview to those students about
students’ difficulties, causes of those difficulties in analyzing qualitative data and the solution to overcome difficulties in analyzing qualitative data.
D. Research Location
This research was conducted by the researcher at English Education Department, academic year 20112012 in UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya on
Ahmad Yani Street. The setting was chosen based on the consideration that
⑩
digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id
students at eighth semester of English Education Department have criteria mentioned in the research subject.
E. Data and Source of Data
Data collection techniques dealing with the way or processes of the researcher collected the data. The researcher collected the data through
interview. Interview commonly use in qualitative research. In this research, the researcher interview student at eighth semester of English Teacher
Education Department. The purpose of this interview was to know students’ students’ difficulties in analyzing qualitative data, causes of the difficulties in
analyzing qualitative data and the solution of those difficulties in analyzing qualitative data.
F. Research Instrument
It is important for the researcher to select the effective instrument to get valid data. In this study, researcher used two instruments for this research;
it is interview guideline to get valid data. 1. Interview guideline
Interview guideline is the primary instrument of this research. It consists of three questions; those are about students’ difficulties in
analyzing qualitative data, causes of the difficulties and the solution to overcome the difficulties. The researcher interviewed the students of
eighth semester. The interview guideline is used to answer all of the research questions of this research.
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2. Tape recorder Tape recorder is the instrument of interview of this research. The
researcher used tape recorder to record data of interview.
G. Data Analysis Technique
Firstly, the researcher transcribed the data of interview. The second steps, the researcher listed the data of each student and also listed the
difficulties of the student in analyzing qualitative data, causes and also the solution to overcome difficulties in analyzing qualitative data. Then, the
researcher categorized students’ difficulties in analyzing qualitative data, causes and also the solution of those difficulties in analyzing qualitative data.
Afterward, the researcher combined the finding with the theory to support the data. The last, the researcher made conclusion of students’ difficulties, causes
and solutions of students’ difficulties in analyzing qualitative data and suggestion based on the result of data analyzed.
H. Checking validity of finding
The validity of findings can be checked by using different methods, different sources of data or even different researchers within the study.
2
The researcher invited co researcher and record the interview to attain the
validation of finding. Besides that, the researcher confirmed the finding with the subject of the research and the theory used in the research.
2
Denscombe, Martyn. The Good Research Guide For small-scale social research projects Fourth Edition. USA : Open University Press. 2010
