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Methodology for South-East Asia WHO SEARO. The adapted questionnaires were approved by a questionnaire review committee QRC.
The questionnaires were developed in English and later translated into Indonesian. The questionnaires were also back- translated to English to check the quality of translation before being used for field implementation. The questionnaires
were pretested during the pilot conducted in Bogor City and Bogor District in May 2011 and finalized in July after incorporating the changes suggested from the pretest experience.
2.3.1. Household questionnaire
The household questionnaire collected information on all the usual residents in the sampled household to identify eligible persons from the household and capture their basic information so that a random eligible respondent could be selected for
the individual questionnaire. For all listed household members, basic information on age and gender was collected. The information on age was used to identify an eligible random respondent for the individual questionnaire. The questionnaire
also collected information on the current use of smoked and smokeless tobacco.
2.3.2. Individual questionnaire
The individual questionnaire collected information from eligible selected individuals aged 15 years and above. The individual questionnaire consisted of the following 10 sections:
Background characteristics: Questions on gender, age, education, occupation and possession of household items Tobacco smoking: Questions covering patterns of use daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all,
formerpast tobacco consumption, age at initiation of daily smoking, consumption of different tobacco products, cigarettes, kretek cigarettes, pipes, cigars, nicotine dependence and frequency of quit attempts
Smokeless tobacco: Questions covering patterns of use daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all,
and formerpast use of smokeless tobacco
Electronic cigarettes: Questions covering patterns of use daily consumption, less than daily consumption, not at all
of electronic cigarettes
Cessation: Questions on advice to quit smoking by a health-care provider, method used to try to stop smoking and
thinking about quitting smoking
Second-hand smoke: Questions on smoking allowed in the home, exposure to second-hand smoke at home, indoor
smoking policy at the workplace, exposure in the past 30 days at the workplace, government buildingsoffices, universitieseducational facilities, religious facilities, health-care facilities, restaurantsbarsnight clubs and public
transportation
Economics—manufactured white cigarettes: Questions covering the type of manufactured white cigarette product
and quantity bought, cost of manufactured white cigarette products, brand, type of product purchased and source of manufactured white cigarette products
Economics—kretek cigarettes: Questions covering the type of kretek cigarette product and quantity bought, cost of
kretek cigarette products, brand and type of product purchased and source of kretek cigarette products Media: Questions on exposure to advertisement – television, radio, billboards, posters, newspapersmagazines,
cinema, internet, public transportation, public walls and others; exposure to sporting events connected with tobacco; exposure to music, theatre, art or fashion events connected with tobacco; exposure to tobacco promotion
activities; reaction to health warning labels on cigarette packages and exposure to anti-tobacco advertising and information. These questions were asked for both white manufactured cigarettes and kretek cigarettes. The
reference period for the questions in this section was 30 days.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions: Questions regarding knowledge about the health effects of using both
smoked and smokeless tobacco.
2.4. Questionnaire programming and preparation for electronic data collection
The GATS was the first survey ever conducted in Indonesia which used electronic means of data collection to collect the information on both household and individual questionnaires. For this purpose, the General Survey System GSS was used,
which is a suite of software tools developed to facilitate the administration, collection and management of survey data on handheld computers, specifically a Microsoft Windows-based platform running Windows Mobile 5.0 or Mobile 6.0, often
called pocket PC systems. The software system is designed to support field data collection activities, where field
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Methodology interviewers collect data using handheld computers. The systems were developed and tested using the Hewlett Packard
HP iPAQ Pocket PC Model: iPAQ 210 and were used for data collection. Please refer to the manuals on GSS and Data Management and Implementation Guidelines for more details. Electronic data collection was useful for facilitating the
complex skip pattern used in the GATS Indonesia questionnaire as well some inbuilt validity checks on questions during the data collection.
The programming of the questionnaire using GSS was carried out in collaboration with in-country information technology IT personnel, WHO and CDC. Repeated quality-control mechanisms were used to test the quality of questionnaire
programming. The main steps involved in quality control checks were version checking for household and individual questionnaires, checking date and time, and skipping patterns. The entire process, including the questionnaire, data
collection using handheld machines and data aggregation to prepare raw data for analysis, was pretested. Handheld programming was finalized and the final questionnaire for data collection was uploaded onto the handheld
devices in August 2011 by in-country IT personnel, with WHO and CDC providing oversight to maintain quality assurance. The case file containing the electronic information used for identifying the selected household addresses was also uploaded
to the handhelds in September 2011, immediately after household activities and selection of households had been updated and completed. Please refer to the GATS Quality Assurance Manual for more details on case file and a complete listing of
quality control measures adopted in GATS.
2.5. Recruitment, training and fieldwork
