Review of Related Studies

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter, the writer provides three parts that will be discussed. The first part is review of related studies, which included other related studies previously. Second part is review of related theories which provide some theories in doing this research. Third part is theoretical framework which explains the contribution between the theories and the reviews to solve the problem formulation.

A. Review of Related Studies

This research consists of two previous studies. One of them is discussing the analysis about female authoritarian style of leadership, and the other is discussing the analysis of directive speech acts. The first undergraduate thesis entitled The Devil Leader-Miranda Priestly: Analysis of Female Authoritarian Style of Leadership written by Jennifer Yin Gee Lui from The University of Hongkong analyses about the authoritarian leadership style in The Devil Wears Prada movie using literature study. This thesis illustrates how a female leader breaks traditional gender stereotypes by using masculine leadership style. Besides, it also explains why this phenomenon occurs and states that balancing masculine and feminine style of leadership is important 2009:33. Through her research, Lui states that although nowadays there are an increasing number of women who take up leadership roles in their workplace. As conclusion, a leader should have a good balance between transactional and relational behavior when doing leadership in creating a productive workplace atmosphere. Related to the Lui’s research which analyzes female authoritarian style of leadership in the character of Miranda Priestly, the writer uses different ways in doing this research through linguistics. The writer analyses how the directive speech acts show Miranda Priestly’s leadership style in The Devil Wears Prada Movie. The second research is derived from Ita Watiningsih. Based on the findings, Watiningsih finds that there are four types of directives speech acts employed by the characters in the movie Oliver Twist. Those types are advices, requests, commands, and questions. Besides, the writer also finds three politeness strategies which are applied in her research, they are: bald-on record, negative politeness, and positive politeness. Lastly, Watiningsih finds the reasons why the characters utter that type of directives speech act; they are to show that the speaker intends to take care of the hearer, to respect the hearer, to show anger expression, to show the hearer’s duty, to show the emergency, and to find the reasons for uttering certain expressions. In conducting this research, the writer focuses to analyze Miranda’s speech acts in her relation with the people in Runaway fashion magazine. To make this research more effective, the writer limits into directive speech act to support the aim of this research.

B. Review of Related Theories 1. Pragmatics